Abstract

The development of automotive exhaust sensors is generally based on a time and resources consuming empirical approach. Building numerical models to study the behavior of the sensors is therefore an important key to reduce the development time and improve sensor quality. Zirconia sensor accuracy and response are dependent from temperature, so temperature is generally controlled in the desired range through a heating element. In the present study an electro-thermo-mechanical model of a heated zirconia oxygen sensor with planar structure has been provided. The numerical model has been used as a tool to study and compare different geometries of heaters. Several heater configurations have been modelled and compared in terms of: temperature rise in different points on the surface of the sensor both on the electrode side and heater side, average and maximum temperature, thermal stress and time for the sensor to be considered functional. The improved heater provided a lower peak temperature, but higher average temperature, more uniform temperature distribution, lower thermal stress and lower time than the base heater to reach the prescribed operational conditions.

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