Abstract
We report the fabrication of femtosecond laser-induced, first-order waveguide Bragg gratings in lithium niobate in the low repetition rate regime. Type-II waveguides are written into an x-cut lithium niobate wafer and structured periodically to achieve narrowband reflections at wavelengths around 1550 nm. Additionally, electrodes are employed to allow for electro-optic tuning of the spectral response. We demonstrate wavelength control of the central reflection peak by applying a static external electric field. A maximum shift of the reflection peak of Δλ = 625 pm is observed.
Highlights
Fabrication of functional waveguide elements in bulk optical materials by nonlinear absorption of femtosecond radiation offers many benefits for prototyping integrated optical devices
We report the fabrication of femtosecond laser-induced, first-order waveguide Bragg gratings in lithium niobate in the low repetition rate regime
The inscription of three-dimensional structures especially in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) with its nonlinear properties enables a variety of integrated optical devices such as frequency converters, evanescent couplers, and modulators [2,3,4]
Summary
Fabrication of functional waveguide elements in bulk optical materials by nonlinear absorption of femtosecond radiation offers many benefits for prototyping integrated optical devices. On the one hand, waveguiding has been demonstrated in various types of silica glasses [5, 6] and crystalline materials such as LiNbO3 [3,4,7,8] with electro-optic properties, which has been used for signal modulation in directly written, integrated Mach-Zehnder modulators [9]. Pointwise written Bragg gratings in waveguides have already been demonstrated in bulk fused silica glass using direct laser writing [11,12,13,14], their reconfiguration is restricted to slow thermal or stressbased tuning [15]. Electro-optically shifting the central design wavelength by a uniform electric field distribution along the grating is demonstrated
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