Abstract
The passive and the electrically induced birefringences and retardations in LiNbO3 crystals have been calculated for all directions of propagation near the optic axis and for a field direction in the x–y plane. In two special directions, parallel to the induced orthorhombic principal axes, the passive and induced retardations are exactly additive. In other directions the retardation is not a linear function of the field. By rotation about these axes, any desired degree of optical biasing may be obtained without degradation of the electro-optic modulation. Experiments with rotation for a quarter-wave bias have shown that useful modulation may be achieved without compensator waveplates.
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