Abstract
This paper deals with the concept of ‘passive’ and ‘active’ electromechanical (E-M) differentials in automotive mechatronics, in particular, for reduction of ‘self-generated wind-up torques’ in drive-by-wire (DBW) all-wheel-drive (AWD) propulsion mechatronic control systems. Self-generated wind-up torques are created by differing dynamic wheel-tire diameters, kinetic slip between front-wheel-drive (FWD) and rear-wheel-drive (RWD) units during cornering and kinetic slip between the driven wheels or steered, motorized and/or generatorized wheels (SM&GW) of one FWD or RWD unit. However, dissimilar transmission ratios for FWD and RWD units of a rigid DBW AWD propulsion mechatronic control systems, which also could create high self-generated wind-up torques, are usually not selected. The selfgenerated wind-up torques emerging in the DBW AWD propulsion mechatronic control system can only be reduced by power that linearly increases with the wheel angular speed. This power loss, in fact, cannot be utilized as tractive power for the all-terrain (on/off-road) all-electric vehicles (AEV), that is, battery electric vehicles (BEV) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) as well as hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV). The generated power loss increases the electrical energy economy and/or specific fuel consumption (SFC), the wear and tear (W&T) of all DBW AWD propulsion mechatronic control system components, and the wheel-tire wear. Under extreme circumstances, over heating and overload can significantly moderate the fatigue life and lead to an early failure of all DBW AWD propulsion mechatronic control system components.
Highlights
The application for full-time/part-time drive-bywire (DBW) all-wheel-driven (AWD) propelled all-electric vehicles (AEV), i.e., battery electric vehicles BEV) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) as well as hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV) may grow rapidly over the few years. This is due to in-creasing demand for AEVs and/ or HEVs with higher performance and power
Benefits of AEVs and/or HEVs are not limited to environmental impact benefits
The AEV or HEV stability and safety can be improved, allowing a better performance in limit conditions when compared with conventional automotive vehicles
Summary
The application for full-time/part-time drive-bywire (DBW) all-wheel-driven (AWD) propelled all-electric vehicles (AEV), i.e., battery electric vehicles BEV) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) as well as hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV) may grow rapidly over the few years. For HEVs intended mainly for operation on soft ground, the centre IWD E-M differential may be omitted from the drive E-M powertrain line, but some means of disengaging DBW 4WD propulsion, leaving only single pair of SM&GWs to do the driving, is generally provided to utilize if the AEV or HEV is required to operate on metalled roads As it is well known from the principle of Ackermann’s steer-by-wire (SBW) two-wheel steered (2WS) conversion mechatronic control systems, the front SM&GWs always tend to roll further than the fixed-geometry rear SM&GWs, because their radius of turn is always larger, a parallel electrical wiring connection (cabling) may be interposed between the EES as well as FWD and RWD units and the IWD E-M differential may be omitted from the drive E-M powertrain line (see Fig. 4). Should the rear SM&GWs lose traction, on the other hand, and tend to rotate further than the front ones; the drive may automatically be transferred to the front SM&GWs even if they are in the freewheeling mode
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
