Abstract
For the first time, the wettability of fluorite-type high-entropy (Zr1/3Hf1/3Ce1/3)1-x(Y1/2Gd1/2)xO2-δ (δ = 0.05‒0.3) ceramics by molten Cu under a direct current (DC) was investigated. The wetting behavior depended noticeably on the stoichiometry (x = 0.1‒0.6) of the metal components in (Zr1/3Hf1/3Ce1/3)1-x(Y1/2Gd1/2)xO2-δ. The initial contact angle increased with x. For x ≥ 0.4, DC application improved the wettability, and the final contact angle decreased with increasing x. The wettability improvement was mainly attributed to the diffusion of high-entropy metal components into the Cu melt and the formation of an interfacial product. The relatively weak Ce‒O and Gd‒O bonds were dissociated more easily, and Ce and Gd diffused more rapidly than Zr, Hf and Y and thereby influenced the wettability more prominently. This work is expected to advance the understanding of interfacial physicochemical interactions between metal melts and high-entropy oxides and provide a reference for joining high-entropy oxides with metals under an electric field.
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