Abstract
The electrical safety requirements for patient lead currents in medical electrical equipment are reviewed. The standards set by four organizations are compared. These are the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Patient lead current classification, lead-to-ground leakage and risk currents, and leakage between patient leads are discussed. Isolation transformers and optoisolators are proposed for use in an electrical impedance tomograph to meet these requirements. >
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