El urbanismo como factor de riesgo en la protección del patrimonio arqueológico: el caso del yacimiento arqueológico de Medina Elvira en Granada

Computer-aided CAD system plays an important role in urban planning and heritage conservation. When developing new products, the computer-aided system can effectively identify the existing CAD model and facilitate the reuse for design, thus shortening the development cycle, reducing the development cost, and improving the development efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a concept of computer learning algorithm and a model of naive Bayesian algorithm, that is, urban cultural heritage is an important carrier of human history and culture. After long-term development and accumulation, the current form and spiritual significance have evolved. Since the reform and opening up, China's urban heritage protection has also achieved fruitful results and valuable experience, thus forming a three-level protection system of famous cities, famous streets and cultural protection buildings. With the continuous maturity of computer-aided CAD system theory in the field of urban heritage, CAD system has deepened the understanding of "culture" in heritage, and the practice of heritage protection has gradually shifted from traditional urban architecture protection to anthropology, cultural geography and other humanities and social sciences. At this stage, computer-aided CAD urban planning introduced the integrity-, diversity- and development-oriented sustainable development of heritage protection, and paid unprecedented attention to the local nature of heritage or the special background of heritage generation. The focus on urban heritage protection has shifted from simply proposing protection practices to the power and interest mechanism behind heritage protection. Only in this way can heritage management truly maintain sustainable development.

The article examines the problem of identification and identification of objects of the architectural and urban planning heritage of Ukraine in the modern environment. At present, a significant part of valuable historical architectural objects and town-planning complexes, which are a valuable and unique property of the entire nation, are unknown to society, not researched, their state of preservation is critical or they are only partially preserved. Most often, in the environment of historical settlements, there is no easily accessible and reliable information about objects of architectural and urban planning heritage, marking of protection zones and historical areas. The possibility of spatio-temporal environmental identification of partially preserved objects independently, without outside help, is practically impossible. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out measures for the preservation and protection of valuable historical architectural and town-planning complexes, as well as their familiarization with the help of a set of measures. The concept of «marking» of objects of architectural and urban heritage is currently poorly researched in Ukraine, the term «marking» has not yet received a proper definition and justification in the monument protection legislation, therefore there is a need for a special study of it and the development of methods for selecting means and methods of comprehensive identification of monuments of architecture and urban planning. In the study, we propose to introduce two-level «Identification of objects of architectural and urban planning heritage» in the space of Ukrainian historical cities: Historical-temporal identification, Visual-spatial and urban planning identification. We have proposed the holding security identification, informational and environmental identification based on preliminary identification on the basis of historical descriptive, cartographic, iconographic, etc. of research Goal. The purpose of the article is to determine the actual issue of identification and recognition of the lost and partially lost architectural and urban heritage in the environment of Ukrainian settlements. Methodology. The research uses general scientific methods inherent in historical- architectural research of valuable historical architecture, historical cities: analysis of literary and archival sources, in-kind research and recording, analysis of historical cartographic and iconographic materials. A comparative-historical approach, the principle of objectivity and systematicity, as well as an interdisciplinary approach due to the complex nature of the work are also used. The results. We proposed to introduce a two-level «Identification of objects of architectural and urban planning heritage» in the space of Ukrainian historical cities, which includes historical-temporal identification, visual-spatial and urban planning identification. Scientific novelty. The problem of presenting the value of partially lost monuments of architecture and urban planning in Ukrainian cities, villages and other spaces is revealed. For the first time, the concept of «marking», the means and methods of identification of objects of architectural and urban planning heritage are considered, a two-stage approach to the identification of objects of architectural and urban planning heritage with reference to their individual types of value, environmental and other characteristics are proposed. The use of non-invasive and virtual identification is proposed to reveal the value and present partially lost monuments of architecture and urban planning in the space of settlements.

Chapter 1: Governance and Planning of Mega-City Regions: Diverse Processes and Reconstituted State Spaces Jiang Xu and Anthony G.O. Yeh Part I: Multi-Level Governance and Planning in Europe Chapter 2: The Polycentric Metropolis: a Western European Perspective on Mega-City Regions Sir Peter Hall Chapter 3: Innovations in Governance and Planning: Randstad Cooperation Willem Salet Chapter 4: Strategic Planning and Regional Governance in Europe: Recent Trends and Policy Responses Louis Albrechts Part II: Multi-Polity Governance and Planning in Federacy Chapter 5: Novel Spatial Formats: Megaregions and Global Cities Saskia Sassen Chapter 6: America 2050: Towards a Twenty-first Century National Infrastructure Investment Plan for the United States Robert D. Yaro Chapter 7: Mega-City Regional Cooperation in the United States and Western Europe: A Comparative Perspective Linda McCarthy Chapter 8: Regions of Cities: Metropolitan Governance and Planning in Australia John Abbott Chapter 9: The Upper Spencer Gulf Common Purpose Group: A Model of Intra - Regional Cooperation for Economic Development Jim Harvey and Brian Cheers Part III: State-Led Governance and Planning under Transition Chapter 10: Coordinating the Fragmented Mega-City Regions in China: State Reconstruction and Regional Strategic Planning Jiang Xu and Anthony G.O. Yeh Chapter 11: Spatial Planning for Urban Agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta Chaolin Gu, Taofang Yu, Xiaoming Zhang, Chun Wang, Min Zhang, Cheng Zhang and Lu Chen John Abbott is a practicing metropolitan planner in South East Queensland, Australia. He was previously the Project Coordinator of the SEQ 2001 and SEQ 2021 regional planning projects. He teaches planning theory and metropolitan planning at the University of Queensland. He has analyzed metropolitan planning processes in South East Queensland, Greater Vancouver, and New York using concepts of planning as managing uncertainty. Louis Albrechts is Professor of Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Planning at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. His research interests include strategic spatial planning, sustainable development, and regional design, and he has published widely on these issues. He is the founder and co-editor of European Planning Studies, a corresponding member of the German Academy for Research and Planning, and a member of the Advisory Board of the global Research Network on Human Settlements. Brain Cheers is Research Professor Emeritus of Community Development and former Director of the Center for Rural and Regional Development at the Whyalla Campus of the University of South Australia. He is also Founding Director of the Northern Australia Research Institute and the Center for Social and Welfare Research at James Cook University. He has published four books, and many monographs and papers on rural and regional issues. Lu Chen is PhD candidate in Economic Geography at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Chaolin Gu is Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. He has published sixteen books and over 260 articles on urban and regional planning, regional economics, and urban geography in China. He is the principal investigator of a number of projects on China's urban and regional development and planning. He is Vice President of the Chinese Geographical Association, and serves on editorial boards of many journals and academic councils. Sir Peter Hall is Bartlett Professor of Planning and Regeneration at the Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning, University College London. He has received the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society for distinction in research, and is an honorary member of the Royal Town Planning Institute, which awarded him its Gold Medal in 2003. He holds fourteen honorary doctorates from universities in the UK, Sweden, and Canada. He received the 2005 Balzan Prize for work on the Social and Cultural History of Cities since the Beginning of the 16th Century. He is a Fellow of the British Academy and the European Academy and President of the Town and Country Planning Association. He was knighted in 1998 and in 2003 was named by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II as a Pioneer in the Life of the Nation at a reception in Buckingham Palace. Jim Harvey is Adjunct Professor of the Center for Rural Health and Community Development at the University of South Australia. His most recent publications have been on intra-regional cooperation in urban and regional development. He is currently the Australian Manager of an Australian Aid (AusAid) community development project in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua and New Guinea. Linda McCarthy is Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and is also a certified planner. Her research focuses on urban and regional economic development and planning in the United States, Western Europe, and China. Her publications comprise books, book chapters, reports, and articles in peer reviewed journals such as Environment and Planning A, The Professional Geographer, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Journal of Planning Education and Research, and Land Use Policy. Willem Salet is Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Amsterdam. He is also the President of the Association of European Schools of Planning. His research specializes in spatial planning and metropolitan governance, urban networks, and decision making in strategic urban projects. He coordinated various research projects on behalf of the European Union, national ministries, the National Scientific Foundation, and other stakeholders in the field of urban studies, and has published widely on regional planning and governance. Saskia Sassen is Robert S.Lynd Professor of Sociology of Department of Sociology and Member of the Committee on Global Thought, at Columbia University. Her most recent books are Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages (Princeton University Press 2006) and A Sociology of Globalization (W.W.Norton 2007). Her books have been translated into sixteen languages. Her comments have appeared in Guardian, New York Times, International Herald Tribune, Newsweek International, and Financial Times, among others. She serves on several editorial boards and is an advisor to several international bodies. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a member of the National Academy of Sciences Panel on Cities, and chaired the Information Technology and International Cooperation Committee of the Social Science Research Council (USA). Chun Wang is an urban planner in the Master Planning Department at Beijing Tsinghua Urban Planning and Design Institute. Jiang Xu is Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and Resource Management, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. She is a specialist in urban and regional issues, and is currently leading research projects in intercity competition and cooperation, as well as urban and regional governance in China. Dr. Xu has published widely on urban and regional development in leading international journals and is co-author with F. Wu and Anthony G.O. Yeh of Urban Development in Post Reform China: State, Market and Space (Routledge 2007). She was the recipient of the 2008 Research Output Prize of the University of Hong Kong. Robert Yaro is President of Regional Plan Association, America's oldest independent metropolitan policy, research, and advocacy group. He is also Professor of Practice in City and Regional Planning at the University of Pennsylvania. He has taught at Harvard University and the University of Massachusetts. He co-chairs the Empire State Transportation Alliance and the Friends of Moynihan Station, and is Vice President of the Forum for Urban Design. He serves on Mayor Bloomberg's Sustainability Advisory Board, which helped prepare PlaNYC 2030, New York City's new long-range sustainability plan. Anthony Yeh is Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is also Chair Professor and Head, Department of Urban Planning and Design, and Director, Center of Urban Studies and Urban Planning, University of Hong Kong. His main areas of specialization are in urban development and planning in Hong Kong and China, and the application ofaGIS in urban and regional planning. At present, he is Secretary-General of the Asian Planning Schools Association and Asia GIS Association. He is on the editorial boards of key international and Chinese journals, and has published over thirty books and monographs, and over 180 academic journal papers and book chapters. He received the 2008 UN-HABITAT Lecture Award for his outstanding and sustained contribution to research, thinking, and practice in the human settlements field. Taofang Yu is Lecturer, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. He has published four books and about fifty articles on urban competition and the mega city-region. Cheng Zhang, is a certified urban planner, and is performing civil service at the Nanjing Urban Planning Bureau. He has published five articles on the mega city-region and the mega-project. Min Zhang is Associate Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nanjing University. She has published about 30 articles on urbanization, the megalopolis, and the global city-region. Xiaoming Zhang is PhD candidate, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. He has published about six articles on the mega city-region and spatial regionalization.

Research of urgent problems and new aspects of contemporary tendencies in architect education of the preservation of cultural heritage in Lithuania has been carried out by the team of Department of Architectural Fundamentals, Theory and Arts, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Within the framework of the Sustainable Rehabilitation of the Historic Towns in Europe” (SURE), project funded by EU with the collaboration among the Polish, Italian, Spanish and Lithuanian counterparts, Vilnius team has performed the research on the problems in emerging tendencies in the highest education on the preservation of the cultural heritage in Lithuania. The questionnaires for the opinion pooling were sent to the selected threefold type of the recipients: educational-scientific, public-state, and private-professional (Best Practices Handbook 2017). The research of enquire reflected devastating effect of recent processes of urban planning in Lithuania in the immovable cultural heritage area: neglect of cultural landscape value in urban planning of cities, concern of identity loss and negative impact of globalization, lack of proper maintenance and use of historic buildings. Contrary to these revealed problems plea of recent international strategic documents emphasize variety of ways of contribution of historic areas in bettering of urban life. Lack of ecological approach in urban heritage planning, tension between contents of academic programs and official aims of strategic documents ratified by the State, difference in expectations of theoreticians and practicing urban planners were revealed by the results of completed research. The differences in attitudes of academicians and professionals, i.e. inadequate reflection of urban heritage in urban planning processes, shortcomings in integrating of local communities into preservation processes and academic education of architects were clearly stated. Variety of important issues in relation with protection of cultural heritage and sustainability was unveiled in academic education of architects in Lithuania. Provided questionnaires and collected results of the answers, after the completed analysis of the education programs and expert survey disclosed the shortage of ecological knowledge in the field of cultural heritage protection. Considering revealed problems and needs integration of sustainability and urban heritage preservation should be proposed as one of major target for the improvement of existing educational system of architects in Lithuania. Primarily targets to be hit by the alteration of the situation would be the reduction of the lack of ecological approach in urban heritage planning, diminished tension between contents of academic programs and official aims of strategic documents ratified by State and lowered difference in expectations among the theoreticians and practicing urban planners. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.21.4.19178

Due to the development of cities in modern China, improper protection of urban heritage has caused a lot of damage. Although the protection of urban heritage has been strengthened after the introduction of new regulations, in many cases due to improper operation or insufficient strength due to various reasons, the process of urban heritage protection is very difficult. Urban cultural heritage is also a unique feature of a certain area, which often attracts many foreign tourists. Therefore, the major merchants decided to develop their products based on the city's cultural heritage in order to attract more customers. From the standpoint of ordinary people, the citizen's perspective examines the purpose, process and results of urban heritage protection, respects the important position of citizens in urban heritage protection, fully considers the needs and feelings of the public, and tastes the public participation in the relevant links of heritage protection. Urban heritage protection from the perspective of citizens aims to integrate urban heritage into daily life, place emotional memories, maintain urban characteristics, and improve the quality of citizens. This article will discuss the protection of urban heritage by analyzing the public, to propose a commercial path for urban cultural heritage.

<p>“One of the most basic and fundamental questions in urban master planning and building regulations is ‘how to secure common access to sun, light and fresh air?” (Stromann-Andersen & Sattrup, 2011). Daylighting and natural ventilation can have significant benefits in office buildings. Both of these ‘passive’ strategies have been found to reduce artificial lighting and air-conditioning energy consumption by as much as 80% (Ministry for the Environment, 2008); (Brager, et al., 2007). Access to daylight and fresh air can also be credited with improved occupant comfort and health, which can lead to a reduction of employee absenteeism and an increase of productivity (Sustainability Victoria, 2008). In the rebuild of Christchurch central city, following the earthquakes of 2010 and 2011, Cantabrians have expressed a desire for a low-rise, sustainable city, with open spaces and high performance buildings (Christchurch City Council, 2011). With over 80% of the central city being demolished, a unique opportunity to readdress urban form and create a city that provides all buildings with access to daylight and fresh air exists. But a major barrier to wide-spread adoption of passive buildings in New Zealand is their dependence on void space to deliver daylight and fresh air – void space which could otherwise be valuable built floor space. Currently, urban planning regulations in Christchurch prioritize density, allowing and even encouraging low performance compact buildings. Considering this issue of density, this thesis aimed to determine which urban form and building design changes would have the greatest effect on building performance in Central City Christchurch. The research proposed and parametrically tested modifications of the current compact urban form model, as well as passive building design elements. Proposed changes were assessed in three areas: energy consumption, indoor comfort and density. Three computer programs were used: EnergyPlus was the primary tool, simulating energy consumption and thermal comfort. Radiance/Daysim was used to provide robust daylighting calculations and analysis. UrbaWind enabled detailed consideration of the urban wind environment for reliable natural ventilation predictions. Results found that, through a porous urban form and utilization of daylight and fresh air via simple windows, energy consumption could be reduced as much as 50% in buildings. With automatic modulation of windows and lighting, thermal and visual comfort could be maintained naturally for the majority of the occupied year. Separation of buildings by as little as 2m enabled significant energy improvements while having only minimal impact on individual property and city densities. Findings indicated that with minor alterations to current urban planning laws, all buildings could have common access to daylight and fresh air, enabling them to operate naturally, increasing energy efficiency and resilience.</p>

<p>“One of the most basic and fundamental questions in urban master planning and building regulations is ‘how to secure common access to sun, light and fresh air?” (Stromann-Andersen & Sattrup, 2011). Daylighting and natural ventilation can have significant benefits in office buildings. Both of these ‘passive’ strategies have been found to reduce artificial lighting and air-conditioning energy consumption by as much as 80% (Ministry for the Environment, 2008); (Brager, et al., 2007). Access to daylight and fresh air can also be credited with improved occupant comfort and health, which can lead to a reduction of employee absenteeism and an increase of productivity (Sustainability Victoria, 2008). In the rebuild of Christchurch central city, following the earthquakes of 2010 and 2011, Cantabrians have expressed a desire for a low-rise, sustainable city, with open spaces and high performance buildings (Christchurch City Council, 2011). With over 80% of the central city being demolished, a unique opportunity to readdress urban form and create a city that provides all buildings with access to daylight and fresh air exists. But a major barrier to wide-spread adoption of passive buildings in New Zealand is their dependence on void space to deliver daylight and fresh air – void space which could otherwise be valuable built floor space. Currently, urban planning regulations in Christchurch prioritize density, allowing and even encouraging low performance compact buildings. Considering this issue of density, this thesis aimed to determine which urban form and building design changes would have the greatest effect on building performance in Central City Christchurch. The research proposed and parametrically tested modifications of the current compact urban form model, as well as passive building design elements. Proposed changes were assessed in three areas: energy consumption, indoor comfort and density. Three computer programs were used: EnergyPlus was the primary tool, simulating energy consumption and thermal comfort. Radiance/Daysim was used to provide robust daylighting calculations and analysis. UrbaWind enabled detailed consideration of the urban wind environment for reliable natural ventilation predictions. Results found that, through a porous urban form and utilization of daylight and fresh air via simple windows, energy consumption could be reduced as much as 50% in buildings. With automatic modulation of windows and lighting, thermal and visual comfort could be maintained naturally for the majority of the occupied year. Separation of buildings by as little as 2m enabled significant energy improvements while having only minimal impact on individual property and city densities. Findings indicated that with minor alterations to current urban planning laws, all buildings could have common access to daylight and fresh air, enabling them to operate naturally, increasing energy efficiency and resilience.</p>

Historic urban fabric are symbols of originality and identity in our city, and have high values.These structures, as architectural and urban heritage, have been inherited from our predecessors for us as a memory.Our responsibility towards this precious heritage is to understand its underlying values, and to preserve and promote it.But as it should be, the values of these textures do not have a proper place in the study process of urban development plans.Based on this, this research seeks to answer the question, what is the place of architectural heritage and urban planning in the description of services and urban development plans, and how can it take steps to achieve the right place?Based on the goal, the current research is practical and in terms of research method, it is descriptive-analytical.The strategy used is interpretive strategy and logical reasoning.The method of collecting information is library and documents.According to the type of research and its strategy, the present article can be called one of the qualitative articles.In order to achieve the goal of the research, first, the values of architectural heritage and urban planning were extracted based on the study of numerous sources, and then their place in the description of services of urban development plans was evaluated.Finally, by matching the extracted values with the service description of the (comprehensive) development plans of Urmia, Maragheh, Tabriz and Meshginshahr cities, it has been addressed to provide solutions for the practical realization of the place of architectural and urban planning values in the service description of urban development plans.With the arrival of modernism in Iran and the imposition of a new spatial arrangement resulting from it on the historical contexts of old cities, responding to the social and cultural needs of the residents has been forgotten.The multiplicity of procedures and their sectional nature and the impact of relevant policies from sectional decisions without philosophical and theoretical support is the bottleneck that developing countries are currently facing.Therefore; urban heritage cannot be imagined as an isolated phenomenon, an enclosed area that is protected from the external forces of change due to plans and regulations.The work process was such that first the values of architectural heritage and urban planning were introduced and a category that

The architectural appearance of historical cities is transforming over time. The elements and characteristics of the historical urban environment being preserved for future generations support the ideas about the values of the urban landscape and contribute to the continuous development of its artistic image. The protection of architectural and urban heritage is provided by a set of normative, legal documents and documents of socio-economic and spatial planning. At the present stage of the development of domestic legislation, a new "tool" for the comprehensive protection of the historical environment is being developed and implemented. It is the status of "historical settlement", within the boundaries of which the entire set of valuable elements and parameters of the historical environment is subject of protection. To date, the selection criteria and the mechanism for the protection of elements presenting the subject of protection of a historical settlement have not been developed. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the skyline organization of the historic center of St. Petersburg. It includes recommendations for improving the system of regulation of urban planning activities in order to preserve the skyline and composition of historical buildings as components of the subject of protection of historical settlements. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the skyline organization of buildings and impact factors, proposals for the protection of the skyline can be included in the system of requirements for land use and urban planning regulations within the boundaries of zones of protection of cultural heritage properties, as well as within the boundaries of the territory of a historical settlement.

Understanding urban planning failure in China: Identifying practitioners' perspectives using Q methodology

While climate change urges cities to define appropriate strategies for climate adaptation, urban planning practices are still unable to encompass a broader understanding of hydraulic hazards and to exploit the mitigation potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) for stormwater management. This inability is particularly deep in the Italian context, where the integration of climate adaptation strategies within urban planning is very limited; thus, one of the planner’s overriding needs is to determine where NBS can be most effective. The objective of this paper is to identify key drivers and tools for the introduction of hydrological resilience assessments and sustainable storm water management in urban planning practices, as a contribution to climate adaptation strategies. Through a case study in the city of Bari, the paper proposes a method for identifying the most suitable urban areas for implementing NBS, i.e., areas where NBS are able to intercept runoff. On the other hand, the same approach allows one to evaluate in advance the impact of urban planning choices, or rather of the planned land use change. Finally, the planning tools that may favor the adoption of a NBS approach in urban planning are analyzed, with particular reference to the territorial landscape plan of the Apulia region and urban regeneration plans.

The complexity of pedestrian behaviour is entwined in the interconnected physical and perceptual dimensions of the built environment. With an exploratory mixed methodology adopted, the research approaches urban walking and walkability—both as a transport mode and as a type of urban experience—through two lenses: (1) inclusive streets and (2) urban heritage. On the inclusive streets strand, the growing presence of recent street design guides, and the multitude of desirable street qualities presented in them, were addressed by conducting a systematic review of this oft-overlooked grey literature. The review revealed the conceptual triangulation of street (re)design and user inclusivity by transport mode as well as by mobility capacity. Moving from international practices to local experiences, mobile ethnographic interviews were conducted with older adults and persons with disabilities in Singapore to understand their mobility needs and perceptions. The semi-structured interviews unveiled a wide range of sociospatial themes, including movement within an extended pedestrian network, such as detouring and taking shortcuts, and ambivalence about space sharing that is in part caused by both the complications of rights-of-way among active transport modes and preconceptions of social norms in a local-foreign divide. Then, to reach a wider demographic, a street-intercept survey was conducted to investigate perceived importance within a set of six different inclusive street design dimensions in relation to the movement and activity functions of streets. The results confirm the importance of safety and security but also highlight the desirability of streetscape and urban vibrancy with respect to street design. The inclusive street design regime was also found to be compatible with the notion of urban heritage in a meta-narrative review to explore the potential of urban heritage being repositioned for urban and transport planning in which the promotion of walking is a high priority. The meta-narrative review identified six research traditions, namely the ecological model, the new mobilities paradigm, heritage discourse, public life, rhythmanalysis and space syntax. While it was beyond the scope of this thesis to utilise methods of all these research traditions, synthesising respective narratives provided for a roadmap for the other research modules against a unified discourse of heritage for urban and transport planning. To explore how urban heritage may be repositioned for walking in urban planning using an alternative data source, a thematic analysis of heritage- and walking-related newspaper articles was performed. The analysis revealed broad themes such as a vision of a “car-lite” city and the broadening scope of urban heritage, and specific themes such as heritage trails for learning while walking and the blurred line between locals and tourists. Furthermore, insight into policy implications was derived from a mixed-methods study of the public consultation exercise on urban redevelopment in Macao. The spatial and content analyses of public feedback demonstrated an argumentative diversity in debating a variety of redevelopment/conservation methods, despite a downward trend of intensity over the recent years. Also confirmed was the intricate street network in the historic district emerging as one of the key considerations for urban conservation. Underscored by qualitative and quantitative findings, this thesis could potentially provide urban planner and policy makers with an interdisciplinary framework of inclusive streets and urban heritage, and the integration of the two, to foster pedestrian-oriented planning practices that are responsive to community needs and sensitive to local contexts. This sociospatial approach to walking will also deepen our understanding of active mobility in the perceptual and humanistic dimensions, and of urban conservation as the management of change in both the built environment and the movement and activity patterns.

Sir Peter Geoffrey Hall

Land policy plays an important role in urban development planning. The value of land use depends on the nature and scale of urban land use. Based on this, in the study and analysis, the adaptation between regional land finance and urban planning and construction was discussed. First of all, the current incoordination between the land policy and the urban planning and construction in the development of urbanization was elaborated, and the status quo of the research was analyzed; then, the coordination of the layout of the urban planning space under the land finance was analyzed; taking a small-town project as an example, the actual planning of towns was concretely analyzed, and the waterfront landscape was planned and designed, the functional utilization of the land was promoted. Regression analysis of adaptation confirmed the success of urban planning and construction.

Built cultural heritage protection is ensured by two types of legal tools: legislation that rules the field of historic monuments and urban planning laws and regulations. However, in practice, the efficiency of these instruments is sometimes questionable. At a closer look, the cultural heritage and urban planning policies contain contradictions and discontinuities caused by legislation gaps and overlaps. The lack of accuracy distorts the sense of legal stipulations, leading to serious heritage preservation issues. In order to guarantee the protection of historic monuments and their buffer zones, as well as the preservation of other protected areas and the valorization of their assets, the legislation on urban planning and cultural heritage preservation establishes that urban planning documents should contain relevant information and specific regulations. In practice, one can notice that this fundamental principle is sometimes treated in an unsatisfying manner. The improper interpretation of the legislation and official documents represents a real menace to the cultural identity of our environment and could cause severe damages to our common inheritance.