Abstract
The objective of this study is to know the level of language shift of the Totonac against Spanish in the community of Mecapalapa, Pantepec, Puebla. The study focuses in the ecology of pressures model specifically in the understanding of the reported knowledge of language, the formula of the transmission of languages developed by Terborg y Garcia Landa (2011) and a comparison of the knowledge of Totonac and Spanish in the different quarters of the community. The methodology used here is quantitative; the research was conducted through a survey during the years 2013 and 2014. The sample obtain has 281 people who were selected according to the number of existing homes. The results show that in Mecapalapa the knowledge of Spanish is higher than the knowledge of Totonac in most of the people surveyed, it was found that the trend in this community is towards monolingualism in Spanish and also the maximum shared facility is in Spanish. In the neighborhoods it was found that although language shift is still dominant throughout the community it appears to be less pronounced in certain neighborhoods like: El Terrero, Las Flores and La Concha.Keywords: language shift, indigenous languages, totonaco, ecology of pressures, Mexico.
Highlights
La diversidad lingüística en el mundo es muy vasta; sin embargo, la muerte de las lenguas se ha acelerado en los últimos años
The results show that in Mecapalapa the knowledge of Spanish is higher than the knowledge of Totonac in most of the people surveyed, it was found that the trend in this community is towards monolingualism in Spanish and also the maximum shared facility is in Spanish
En este trabajo se presentaron los datos cuantitativos de la investigación, los cuales muestran que la comunidad de Mecapalapa experimenta un desplazamiento del totonaco frente al español, ocasionado por la pérdida de transmisión de la lengua a las siguientes generaciones
Summary
El modelo de la ecología de presiones, propuesto por Terborg y García Landa (2011), retoma la metáfora de la ecología y la aplica al conocimiento de la vitalidad de las lenguas. Pero a diferencia de la competencia de Chomsky (Terborg y García Landa, 2010), se trata de una competencia social en el sentido del conocimiento interpersonal que se genera entre dos o más personas, además de que se deja de lado la corrección y se enfoca en que la comunicación sea funcional y lo más efectiva posible, independientemente de las normas establecidas para cada lengua. Para conocer la situación del totonaco frente al español, presentamos los datos que nos proporcionan información sobre el total de hablantes del totonaco y sobre la transmisión intergeneracional de esta lengua, a través de datos generales de la comunidad y también de los diferentes barrios
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