El sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo como un instrumento de prevención de riesgos laborales, un blindaje para las organizaciones y su importancia en el derecho laboral

Background: The existing of opinion that enterprises registered within Employment Accident Benefit Program to reduce the employment’s accident risk will disregard the implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS). The implementation of OHS through the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) is an obligation for enterprises as means to prevent employment accident in order to establish a comfort, health and safe workplace and contiunity of business. Method: The type research which used is survey research using cross-sectional design. Samples consist of 55 enterprises from type III of group-business which registered in Employment Accident Benefit Program at PT Jamsostek Medan Branch. Accident rate data were gathered through enterprises report on Jamsostek Form 3 Type K.K.3 (Employment Accident Report Phase I) within one year period (January 1st - December 31st, 2005). The level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS was measured by OHSMS audits which consist of 166 criteria. Regression analyzes was employed to examine relationship between accident rate and level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS. Results: Accident rate was varying among each business types ranges 87 cases as most frequent and 1 case least. Higher level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS were 127 criteria (76.51%), lowest were 6 criteria (3.61%) with average 32 criteria (19.04%). It is recognized that 2 (3.64%) enterprises were reach 60 - 84% criteria and 53 (96.36%) enterprises reach 0 - 60% criteria for compliance. Total average and percentage which actually been comply by enterprises on each criteria element from 12 auditing elements of OHSMS was mostly on 5th element (purchasing). Relationship between accident rate and level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS is significant (p < 0.05) with correlation coefficient r = - 0.236. Conclusion: Management must have solid commitment and entail every worker to implement OHSMS, and involves various relevant and qualify parties thus level of compliance the implementation of OHSMS can be improved and reducing accident rate. Keywords: registered enterprises in the employment accident benefit program, accident rate, the level of compliance the implementation of occupational health and safety management system

The Republic of Korea Navy is applying OHSMS (Occupational Health and Safety Management System) to 3 type of units(repair, engineer, ammunition) for workplace safety. Several studies have argued that implementing OHSMS in the workplace is problematic and that measures are needed to improve its effectiveness. Moreover, since OHSMS focuses on corporate safety, it should be adequately reviewed when applied to the military, but studies have not been conducted yet. This study aims to confirm the effectiveness of the Navy&amp;#x27;s OHSMS and to identify improvement measures. We surveyed 599 members of the units to determine the impact of OHSMS on unit safety conditions (systems, management, activities). For engineer and ammunition units, the safety conditions were compared according to whether they were OHSMS certified. In the repair units without the OHSMS non-certified comparator, the safety conditions according to the OHSMS application period were compared. To confirm the improvement plan of OHSMS, we surveyed 29 Naval OHSMS experts and analyzed IPA (Importance-performance Analysis) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). There was no statistical difference in the level of safety conditions according to whether OHSMS was applied and the operating period, so the effectiveness of OHSMS could not be confirmed. The Navy&amp;#x27;s OHSMS needed gradual improvement due to its low overall performance. In particular, there was an urgent need for improvement in 1.organizational roles, responsibilities, 2.consultation and participation of members, 3.support, and 4.capabilities. Among them, consultation and participation of members was rated the most as a result of importance weight analysis through AHP. In this study, the effectiveness of the Navy&amp;#x27;s OHSMS has not been confirmed, and consultation and participation of members was a vital improvement factor. This can be used as basic data for the practical application of OHSMS in the Navy in the future. Keywords: OHSMS, Military Health and safety, Navy, IPA, AHP

This article analyses the effectiveness of occupational health and safety (OHS) management in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In particular, we (1) provide an overview of the implementation of occupational risk preventive activities in a sample of SMEs; (2) characterize alternative approaches of OHS management systems; (3) assess the effectiveness of the identified OHS systems in occupational safety outcomes; and (4) analyse the factors affecting the adoption of such OHS systems. The study is based on primary data obtained by means of a survey on OHS management in 193 Spanish manufacturing SMEs. The analysis disentangles differences between the OHS activity of small-sized enterprises (SSEs) — those under 50 employees — and medium-sized enterprises (MSEs) — 50—250 employees. We find evidence that the effort and type of OHS management system does significantly affect the injury rate. More specifically, firms that complement traditional technical preventive activities with people and organization-oriented procedures are the most effective in reducing occupational accidents. Such advanced OHS systems are significantly less developed in SSEs. Our results also reveal that the choice of OHS system is determined by the quality of industrial relations, rate of unionization, intensity of price-based competition, access to public aid and training activities provided by the OHS public agencies, technology intensity, and the manual nature of workers’ tasks.

Even though several guidelines have been proposed by public organizations about how to design an Occupational Health and Safety management system (OHSMS) customized to Small- and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs), an approach integrating and OHSMS with the risk assessment under a unified and shared logic still misses. This paper presents an evolutionary OHS tool for SMEs that combines the advantages of a simplified procedure to develop a risk analysis and outline a set of risk prevention and protection measures at workplace, such as the one proposed by the Italian legislation, with the advantages of a simplified OHS management model. It is assumed that a software tool could be the preferential way to allow a wide diffusion and an effective application of this model. The online structure also enables distributing OHS-related information directly from institutional databases. This information, provided within the same software tool used for risk assessment and OHS management, can significantly support in particular SMEs with a poor experience.

An International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:1994-harmonized occupational health and safety (OHS) management system has been written at the University of Michigan, and reviewed, revised, and accepted under the direction of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS) Task Force and the Board of Directors. This system is easily adaptable to the ISO 14001 format and to both OHS and environmental management system applications. As was the case with ISO 9001:1994, this system is expected to be compatible with current production quality and OHS quality systems and standards, have forward compatibility for new applications, and forward flexibility, with new features added as needed. Since ISO 9001:1987 and 9001:1994 have been applied worldwide, the incorporation of harmonized OHS and environmental management system components should be acceptable to business units already performing first-party (self-) auditing, and second-party (contract qualification) auditing. This article explains the basis of this OHS management system, its relationship to ISO 9001 and 14001 standards, the philosophy and methodology of an ISO-harmonized system audit, the relationship of these systems to traditional OHS audit systems, and the authors' vision of the future for application of such systems.

An International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001: 1994-harmonized occupational health and safety (OHS) management system has been written at the University of Michigan, and reviewed, revised, and accepted under the direction of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS) Task Force and the Board of Directors. This system is easily adaptable to the ISO 14001 format and to both OHS and environmental management system applications. As was the case with ISO 9001: 1994, this system is expected to be compatible with current production quality and OHS quality systems and standards, have forward compatibility for new applications, and forward flexibility, with new features added as needed. Since ISO 9001: 1987 and 9001: 1994 have been applied worldwide, the incorporation of harmonized OHS and environmental management system components should be acceptable to business units already performing first-party (self-) auditing, and second-party (contract qualification) auditing. This article explains the basis of this OHS management system, its relationship to ISO 9001 and 14001 standards, the philosophy and methodology of an ISO-harmonized system audit, the relationship of these systems to traditional OHS audit systems, and the authors' vision of the future for application of such systems.

Employees of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are exposed to higher risks than the employees of larger ones, and SMEs have difficulties in controlling risk. Many countries have noticed the potential of the SMEs, and they judge employment and economic growth to a great extent based on these enterprises. The studies regarding this subject have increased during the last decade, parallel to the political and economic interests in occupational health and safety in SMEs. The objective of this chapter is to reveal general conclusions on effective approaches to prevent occupational diseases and injuries in SMEs and to gain information related to employment, welfare and health facilities, health education, legislation, occupational health, and safety management as a part of integrated management systems and other safety activities. The chapter also aims to facilitate developing an informative perspective about Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS) in SMEs by emphasizing the drivers, benefits, and barriers of SMEs trying to adopt these systems.

ObjectiveIn its aim to develop a model of an occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS) for MSMEs in Indonesia, this study seeks to explore crucial factors in relation to the implementation of such a system in MSMEs by conducting a review of previous studies on the topic. MethodsThis systematic review is an exploratory study from several online databases our using a combination of two keywords that refer to the population and exposure variables in the PROSPERO Approach by using the “AND” strategy. Each literature goes through selection based on PRISMA flow chart. A Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) checklist for risk of bias assessment was used for the evidence quality appraisal. ResultFrom 37 papers, books, online books and local articles were selected, we identified pivotal factors in the implementation of OHSMS in MSMEs which can be classified into downstream factors (OSH training, commitment, risk management, and communication), middle stream factors (support from the third party), and upstream factors (the role of government). ConclusionVarious pivotal factors in promoting OSH implementation at MSMEs can be seen as role of MSMEs actors (employer and employee); third party and government.

The Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) has applied Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS), but the effectiveness of OHSMS is being questioned due to continuous industrial accidents that continue to occur. Although OHSMS, which has been generally applied in enterprises, has more potential for improper implementation in the military, there are few studies on OHSMS in the military. Therefore, this study verified the effectiveness of OHSMS in the ROKN and derived improvement factors. This study was conducted in a two-step process. First, we surveyed 629 workers at the ROKN workplaces to confirm the effectiveness of OHSMS by comparing occupational health and safety (OHS) efforts according to whether OHSMS was applied and the period of application. Second, 29 naval OHSMS experts evaluated the factors for improving OHSMS using two decision-making tools: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-entropy and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). The study results indicate that the OHS efforts of OHSMS-applied workplaces were similar to that of unapplied. Also, no better OHS efforts were identified in workplaces with more extended OHSMS application periods. There were five improvement factors of OHSMS applied to the ROKN workplaces, with the highest weight in the following order: consultation and participation of workers; resources; competence; hazard identification and risk assessment; and organizational roles, responsibilities, and authorities. The effectiveness of OHSMS in the ROKN was insufficient. Therefore, the ROKN needs focused improvement efforts on the five requirements to implement OHSMS practically. These results can be helpful information for the ROKN to apply OHSMS more effectively for industrial safety.

Effect of Occupational Health and Safety Management System on Work-Related Accident Rate and Differences of Occupational Health and Safety Management System Awareness between Managers in South Korea's Construction Industry

Istat is one of the few public institutions that have initiated the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) since 2018 in order to ensure the Prevention and Protection Measures application. In 2018, Istat achieved the British Standard OHSAS 18001 certification and later, in 2021, UNI ISO 45001:2018 was confirmed and updated. Organisational and management measures are the basis for defining the prevention and protection system. The evolution of health and safety organisation required designated figures and specific measures despite challenges such as changes in managers, transfers and organisational complexity. The goals and the policies focus on worker protection, ethical principles, the OHSMS adoption and the Fire Safety Management System development. These processes assign internal responsibilities, encouraging employee participation in the continuous improvement through the Workers' Representatives for Safety and the Employer. OHSMS has led to the improvement in working conditions and to a safety culture growth. Many procedures have been implemented such as hazard identification, legal requirements, goals and improvement programmes, training management, information and communication, non-conformity management, health surveillance, emergency preparedness and response, internal audits and management review. Operational instructions are provided for activities such as video terminals usage, manual loads handling, electrical risk, personal protective equipment management, interference risk management, building and plant maintenance and instrumental resource management. All the procedures are applicable to all the Institute Roman offices. Later, OHSMS has been extended to regional offices. This work describes the adoption of the OHSMS model as per Legislative Decree 81/08, in the complex reality of a public research institution as Istat. This adoption is a best practice to promote the continuous improvement in workers’ health and safety protection.

In the Minister of Health Regulation Number 66 of 2016, concerning occupational health and safety in Hospitals, a hospital is a workplace with a high risk of safety and health. In addition, in the context of managing and controlling risks related to occupational health and safety in hospitals, it is necessary to organize occupational health and safety in hospitals to create hospital conditions that are healthy, safe, and comfortable. The occupational health and safety reported there was still an accident occur at the Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital. This study was to overview the implementation of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) at Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital in 2020. This research was a qualitative descriptive study with an in-depth interview and observation approach conducted at Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital from January to December 2020. The population is all workers registered as employees at Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital. Informants in this research were those who have the authority and knowledge about the immplementation of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) in Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital. Concerning the preparation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) have not been implemented optimally. It is expected that Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital implemented of occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) optimally.

The main benefits associated with health and safety management systems certification in Portuguese small and medium enterprises post quality management system certification

Accidents are more prevalent in the construction industry compared to other economic sectors. Therefore, understanding the benefits of occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMSs) in terms of their sustainable implementation, management and performance, as well as the awareness of OHMSs and barriers to their implementation, are important for improving OHSMSs in the sustainability of the construction industry. Although there is considerable research on OHSMSs, further assessments are needed concerning other aspects of OHSMSs, particularly the benefits of OHSMSs. Thus, this review paper summarises the empirical state of the art of OHSMS activities. Scopus, Web of Science and other databases were searched using predefined standards. The query was limited to articles published from 1999 to 2023. Consequently, one hundred and four articles were selected and analysed. These articles present analyses of OHSMSs and their potential benefits concerning the implementation of OHSMSs and management, performance, awareness, and barriers in relation to OHSMSs. The results reveal that 12.50% of the reviewed studies assessed the implementation of OHSMSs in the construction industry, and 25.96% studied the management of OHSMSs. Analyses of the performance of OHSMSs in the construction industry accounted for 8.65%, analyses of the awareness of OHSMSs accounted for 4.81%, model-related analyses accounted for 13.46%, studies on the significance/benefits of OHSMSs accounted for 3.85%, studies on the barriers/challenges associated with OHSMSs accounted for 5.77%, analyses on the safety indicators of OHSMSs accounted for 2.88% and other types of studies accounted for 20.19%. This study further reveals that the implementation of OHSMSs is characterised by a dearth of proper communication, the non-utilisation of personal protective equipment (PPE), wrong postures and work activities, a dearth of training, physiological factors including burnout and stress, and a dearth of safety culture and orientation; in addition, matters relating to compliance with effective laws are significant safety challenges in the construction industry. However, the rationality for evaluating the benefits of OHSMSs, comprising their implementation, management and performance, as well as awareness of and barriers to OHSMSs, is challenging to authenticate because appropriate field, survey, organisational and clinical data concerning incident occurrences in the construction industry are lacking for comprehensive evaluations. Thus, this novel study presents our effort to narrow this gap by establishing a framework for increasing our understanding of the benefits of implementing OHSMSs and accident reduction.

An innovative methodology for measuring the effective implementation of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System in the European Union