El papel de la indefinición temporal en la selección de canté y he cantado: nuevas evidencias sobre los perfectos del español canario

The current study analyzes mood alternation in Spanish spoken in Georgia among first-generation Mexican immigrants. Using sociolinguistic interview data, tokens of the subjunctive and indicative in dependent clauses were examined, particularly in the following syntactic contexts:depender, aunque, me gusta que, no porque, quizás, tal vez,andno sé si/ cómo/dónde/qué. We argue that mood selection in the contexts under study is determined by the evaluation of the proposition in the dependent clause. We then use this data to inform theories of possible world semantics (i.e.,Anand and Hacquard 2013;Giannakidou and Mari 2021;Villalta 2008) to better understand mood alternation. Moreover, while many U.S. Spanish varieties may demonstrate what Silva-Corvalán (1994, 91) refers to as “a reduced system that made it more difficult to distinguish between more or less possible situations in a hypothetical world,” we show that cases of alternation in the present data still differentiate speaker meaning and evaluation.

The Spanish variety spoken in San Sebastian is sprinkled with words of Basque origin which are often used by the speakers without awareness of the peculiar nature of such expressions. Lexical interferences slip into Spanish without the speaker placing any restrictions to a term that can bring in expresiveness or prestige, or serves to refer to an entity that simply, does not have an equivalent in Spanish, for example, ertzaintza . This study collects a corpus of such Basque lexical items, as well as an interpretation of such terminological transfer. Furthermore, words of diverse origin which are idiosincratic to the Spanish spoken in San Sebastian have also been collected.

In this study we examine the linguistic complexity and lexical properties of the discourse associated with second person singular forms of address (2PS) in the Spanish spoken in Medellín, Colombia. This Spanish variety exhibits the use of a tripartite system of 2PS, in whichvoseo,tuteo, andustedeoare used, and sometimes interchanged, according to sociopragmatic factors. By means of a discourse completion task (DCT), 672 responses were collected from 38 informants. Data was parsed and tagged using UDPipe to train an annotation Spanish model. Syntactic and lexical properties were extracted automatically in Python. Results revealed the syntactic properties and the existence of collocations significantly associated with each 2PS. The discourse associated withvosdiffers in terms of the predicate structure, DCT response length, pragmatic function, and use of colloquial speech markers. Results of this work shed further light on the variable use of 2PS in this intriguing Spanish dialect.

In this article I would like to talk about one of the results of the cohabitation of Spanish and indigenous languages in Mexico: the presence of loanwords of Nahuatl origin in Mexican Spanish. For this purpose I will present the results of my research, whose aim was to collect words of Nahuatl origin in the newspapers of Veracruz, one of the states of Mexico; and to show the importance of this type of vocabulary in Mexican Spanish. The use of indigenous words is a characteristic feature of almost all Spanish varieties spoken in America, and Mexican Spanish is no different. The vitality of the lexicon of Nahuatl origin in Mexican Spanish can be demonstrated by the fact that it has been used in journalistic texts on very different subjects: society, economy, politics, culture, gastronomy, etc. Journalistic language, as it is well-known, is a dynamic and constantly changing type of language, so the constant presence of words of Nahuatl origin there shows that this kind of vocabulary constitutes an integral part of the Spanish spoken in Mexico.

The massive immigration of Italians to Argentina during the 19th and 20th centuries produced a contact between Italian and Spanish languages. This contact situation left signs in phraseological units of the Spanish variety spoken in Argentina. Our work concerns the diatopic phraseology of Spanish and aims at studying the Italian component in Argentinian Spanish phraseology. As a result, we shall contextualise the role of the Italian language in the evolution of the Spanish spoken in Argentina, describe the methodology used for the retrieval of the information contained in the phraseological corpus that is part of the database of the research project Frasytram (University of Alicante) and, finally, focus on the Argentinian phraseological units of the semantic field character-way of being-attitude that have components of the Italian language or derive from them, in order to identify its integration process.

The outstanding position in which the studies on the Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands are at present is the result of an uninterrupted line of research that begins to take root from the forties, when true linguists started to carry out the tracking and study of materials. Before that date, the situation was very different in terms of the quantity and quality of the data and the substance of the analysis, but that does not mean, in any way, that these early contributions have no value, a fact that can be verified in this paper, focused on one of these initial works, that of Antonino Pestana Rodríguez, and that contains the edition of his Vocabulario palmero, essential to have a full notion concerning the extent of this contribution. https://doi.org/10.17398/2660-7301.43.329

The Silbo Gomero is a substitute, a contracted form, spontaneous and a non-conventional language. It is able to transmit and to interchange a limitless range of messages over long distances by means of whistles, being reproduced by the sonorous characteristics of a spoken language. At the present time this primary language is the Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands. Government of Canary has re- cently implemented a large number of activities which started with the intention to show the Silbo Gomero as an artistic source and to encourage scientific research on this whistled language. One of the most significant measures taken by General Direction for Cooperation and Cultural Patrimony has to do with a proposal to UNESCO in order to consider the Silbo Gomero as a Master Piece of the Oral and Intangible World Heritage.

The aim of this paper is to study the process of linguistic change recently detected in the pronominal system of the Spanish variety from the Canary Islands. According to a number of parameters which define the domain of study, such as age, gender, sociocultural level, origin, residence and possible influence of other varieties, the survey makes use of data extracted from the social network Facebook comments to try to find out to what extend the pronominal system generally used in the Canary Islands has undergone a relevant change and what kind of system(s) can best represent the linguistic competence of at least some part of this speech community. Finally, it discusses whether or not the attested change can be related to linguistic self-esteem problems or the influence of peninsular Spanish.

Recognize the natural landscape characteristics of the extensive Spanish variety, emphasis on the natural coasts of the Canary Islands, and by extension of the Macaronesian archipelagos, and their relationship with the African coasts. Both the archipelagos of the Madeira Islands, the Salvaje Islands, and the Canary Islands, which run from the north of Morocco, to the regions of Agadir, Cape Juby and the coasts of Western Sahara; to continue along the coasts of Mauritania and Senegal in front of the Cape Verde Islands. We are going to work on the following contents:Identification and characterization of the variety of Spanish Canarian natural landscapes. Analysis and assessment of the influence exerted by the environment on human activity and vice versa. Assessment of the sustainable use of the physical environment. Ecosystem management alternatives.  Give greater visibility to the relevant role of its conservation, and to the best description of the quantity of natural elements that, known and preserved, reinforce its positive value, so that we can find its correct integration in human, economic, commercial, political, social transformations; highlighting everything that unites these landscapes with each other. We start from a constructivist model, in which starting from this didactic description of the task to be carried out and the resources to be used, we seek to achieve a learning process on the part of the students that is capable of preparing quality content through presentations created by them, based on a search, selection and treatment of information to develop digital products with the advancement of their acquisition of both the contents of the subject and the skills acquired during the process of the High School studies. Foster a collaborative and inclusive environment with a competence and inclusive approach. Promote participation and personal and collective reflection, moving away from practices based on mere transmission. That is why the teacher acquires the role of facilitator of learning and has to act as a designer of situations that favor it. Promote the management of geographical and historical sources of different nature, field work and the analysis of natural and cultural heritage in virtual or real contexts, thus developing in students a set of capacities that allow them to identify when they need information, search for it effectively in different formats and using various procedures typical of geographic and historiographical techniques, manage and critically evaluate it, transform it into knowledge and communicate it appropriately and ethically. We will work transversally on the Skills, or Key Competences, from a Competency Approach, to integrate them with special emphasis on Digital Competence as it is the most frequent means of work; Competence in Linguistic Communication; Competition Learning to Learn; Social and Civic Competences. In order for the students to achieve this learning, and surpass the contents by acquiring these digital skills, they are asked to make a final digital product, through a PPT presentation, or an explanatory video with Explain Everything.

Estimation of the exposure of buildings to driving rain in Spain from daily wind and rain data

The European colonization of the Canary Islands was accompanied by new farming and food processing techniques as well as new dietary patterns. The current study sheds light on the impact of these new techniques and foodstuffs by delving into the oral conditions of members of this society in this timeframe. The analyses of the oral conditions of 85 adults of the Modern Era of Gran Canaria combined with spatial, temporal, and sex criteria led to identifying a paleodietary profile characteristic of this population. This pattern served to evaluate differences among other populations of the archipelago such as the earlier Indigenous Period of Gran Canaria and the Modern Era populations of the neighboring islands of Tenerife and Lanzarote. This study reveals a high prevalence of caries, dental calculus, and antemortem tooth loss, notably along the lines of sex. Comparisons between the different Indigenous and the Modern populations also point to statistical differences between dental caries and heavy macrowear. The Gran Canaria’s Modern Era population had a carbohydrate-rich diet compatible with the intake of cereal and sugar cane products. Oral conditions among males were likely influenced by the newly introduced consumption of tobacco. The results also confirm that the European colonization strongly altered the dietary patterns and food processing techniques inherited from the Indigenous Period. Finally, the comparisons of the Modern Era populations of the three islands of the archipelago reveal an asymmetry between dietary patterns and food processing techniques from one island to another.

The Spanish language, as it spread throughout Latin America from the earliest colonial times until the present, has evolved a number of syntactic and morphological configurations that depart from the Iberian Peninsula inheritance. One of the tasks of Spanish variational studies is to search for the routes of evolution as well as for known or possible causal factors. In some instances, archaic elements no longer in use in Spain have been retained entirely or with modification in Latin America. One example is the use of the subject pronoun vos in many Latin American Spanish varieties. In Spain vos was once used to express the second-person plural (‘you-pl’) and was later replaced by the compound form vosotros, while in Latin America vos is always used in the singular (with several different verbal paradigms), in effect replacing or coexisting with tú. Other Latin American Spanish constructions reflect regional origins of Spanish settlers, for example, Caribbean questions of the type ¿Qué tú quieres? ‘What do you (sg)want?’ or subject + infinitive constructions such as antes de yo llegar ‘before I arrived’, which show traces of Galician and Canary Island heritage. In a similar fashion, diminutive suffixes based on -ico, found in much of the Caribbean, reflect dialects of Aragon and Murcia in Spain, but in Latin America this suffix is attached only to nouns whose final consonant is -t-. Contact with indigenous, creole, or immigrant languages provides another source of variation, for example, in the Andean region of South America, where bilingual Quechua–Spanish speakers often gravitate toward Object–Verb word order, or double negation in the Dominican Republic, which bears the imprint of Haitian creole. Other probably contact-influenced features found in Latin American Spanish include doubled and non-agreeing direct object clitics, null direct objects, use of gerunds instead of conjugated verbs, double possessives, partial or truncated noun-phrase pluralization, and diminutives in -ingo. Finally, some Latin American Spanish morphological and syntactic patterns appear to result from spontaneous innovation, for example, use of present subjunctive verbs in subordinate clauses combined with present-tense verbs in main clauses, use of ser as intensifier, and variation between lo and le for direct-object clitics. At the microdialectal level, even more variation can be found, as demographic shifts, recent immigration, and isolation come into play.

This qualitative case study examines Isleno Spanish language attrition and preservation in Saint Bernard Parish, New Orleans, when this linguistic variety was approaching extinction. It identifies levels of language maintenance in severely limited social communicative domains and studies language attitudes. The main aim is to compare Isleno Spanish with the 18th century Canary Spanish variety from which it originated. Using a panel study, the last of the Islenos speakers were followed over a fifty-year period analyzing their language in real time to report how the oldest and last fluent speakers had kept their Canary Island linguistic heritage. This dialectal research attests to extraordinary linguistic preservation in a handful of old speakers right before Hurricane Katrina forced the dismantling of the community in 2005.