El liderazgo y el empoderamiento femenino durante el desarrollo del movimiento #MeToo en Colombia un estudio comparativo con Chile desde 2017 a 2021

Background and statement of the problem: There is sufficient evidence to say that female empowerment affects economic and social outcomes, in particular for girls. There is, however, no unified approach to the measurement of female empowerment. The relative economic position of the two spouses, which in turn may reflect the position of the extended families on both sides, may affect the woman’s influence on household decisions. And both economic empowerment and the woman’s decision-making power will depend on social norms, which in turn vary between and within societies. Research is still needed to understand these complex relations between economic empowerment, female decision-making power, social norms, and economic and social outcomes. Research methodology and data: The relative land ownership of the paternal and maternal sides of the extended family was used as a measure of female economic empowerment, and the measure was, in turn, used as an instrument for female decision-making power within the family. The latter was measured by DHS-type questions on who make important decisions within the family. In the second stage of the instrumental variable (IV) estimation it was investigated whether the general measure of decision making power affected a particular outcome, children’s education. Data was collected in an ethnically diverse area of the eastern plains of Nepal, where 480 women were surveyed. Research findings: The findings indicate that economic empowerment and subjective decision-making power have independent effects on children’s education. The relations are quite complex, indicating that one should not automatically use economic empowerment as the ultimate measure of female empowerment. In the present context there is a positive association between female empowerment and children’s education for both genders, whereas boys are prioritized if the paternal side of the family is economically weak. Furthermore, there is heterogeneity among social groups with respect to the importance men and women assign different levels of education for children of different genders. The main message is that the mother’s relative bargaining power matters in different ways – and through different mechanisms – and depends on the gender of the child, the social group and the level of education. Policy implications: Policies for female empowerment need to be tailor-made to specific societies and social groups. The findings indicate that policies for economic empowerment of women, such as education and entrepreneurship programs, may have to be combined with programs that affect social values and norms if the target is to change intrahousehold decisions.

PurposeThis study aims to analyze government hotline text data and generating forecasts could enable the effective detection of public demands and help government departments explore, mitigate and resolve social problems.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, social problems were determined and analyzed by using the time attributes of government hotline data. Social public events with periodicity were quantitatively analyzed via the Prophet model. The Prophet model is decided after running a comparison study with other widely applied time series models. The validation of modeling and forecast was conducted for social events such as travel and educational services, human resources and public health.FindingsThe results show that the Prophet algorithm could generate relatively the best performance. Besides, the four types of social events showed obvious trends with periodicities and holidays and have strong interpretable results.Originality/valueThe research could help government departments pay attention to time dependency and periodicity features of the hotline data and be aware of early warnings of social events following periodicity and holidays, enabling them to rationally allocate resources to handle upcoming social events and problems and better promoting the role of the big data structure of government hotline data sets in urban governance innovations.

The surging activism of #MeToo has expanded discussion of the revival of feminism and the role of digital activism, and raised questions about potential for lasting change. This is approached by comparing the featured politics of naming in two eras of feminism: the naming of alleged harassers in #MeToo which originated with the claims against Harvey Weinstein by Hollywood identities in 2017; and the naming of sexual harassment as a workplace issue by feminist activists in the 1970s. Anita Hill’s testimony to the US Senate against Clarence Thomas in 1991 is a bridging episode between the eras to which Lauren Berlant responded with her theory of Diva Citizenship and her argument that change depends on the action of the body politic in response to the Diva Citizen. I argue that the historical naming of sexual harassment was a crucial first stage in any lasting change.

Incest in Contemporary Literature

O NCE UPON A TIME (not so long ago), presenting a social science perspective on personal narratives would have been a relatively uncomplicated exercise. The editors of Signs would have been able to find an author who, despite her attachment to a particular discipline like sociology or political science, held a set of assumptions about the nature of reality, knowledge acquisition, and truth so widely shared among social scientists that editors, readers, and author alike could have felt confident that the product reflected a "typical" or "representative" social science viewpoint. The resulting essay would have been based on (at least) the following assumptions: that the subject matter of interest to social science-that is, social reality-is as hard or concrete as the physical objects studied by botanists or geologists and is "out there" waiting to be revealed; that social science acquires systematic knowledge by adhering to rules of hypothesis testing, controlled (unbiased) observation, and the replication of previous research results; and that by using the prescribed methodology, social science arrives at Truth, which consists of lawlike generalizations that take the form, "Given conditions A, B, and C, when X occurs, Y will follow," laws that make possible the prediction-hence, the control-of events.

Abstract. Coverage of sexual harassment was analyzed through articles published in twenty journals between 1986 and 1994. analysis covered 914 issues and over 4,500 articles from Canada and the US. Results showed a clear neglect of the topic in the mainstream, while sexual harassment articles appeared almost exclusively in gender-based journals. Androcentric biases and traditional fears about claims-making activities are offered as reasons for this neglect. Some authors of published articles recalled gatekeeping by the reviewers/editors of the mainstream journals. Others admitted to avoiding the mainstream themselves. dangers involved in covering sexual harassment solely through gender-based journals are highlighted. Resume. Les reportages sur le harassement sexuel ont ete analyses dans les articles publies dans vingt revues entre 1986 et 1994. L'analyse porte sur 914 numeros de revue et plus de 4500 articles publies au Canada et aux Etats-Unis. Les resultats montrent une negligence evidente de ce sujet dans les publications d'interet general, mais la question du harassement sexuel est debattue presqu'exclusivement dans les revues feministes. On suggere ici que la raison de cette negligence se trouve dans les partis-pris androcentriques et la peur traditionelle pour les sujets contentieux. Certains auteurs d'articles publies mentionnent le role de triage exerce par les critiques et les editeurs des revues d'interet general. D'autres reconnaissent avoir evite eux-memes ce genre de publications. Finalement on met en evidence le danger de la negligence et le probleme de limiter les articles sur le harassement sexuelaux publications feministes. Introduction This paper explores the response of mainstream social sciences to sexual harassment as a social problem. First, social problematization and the role of gender in this process are discussed. Then, the sexual harassment literature is reviewed. Third, discrepancies between mainstream versus gender-based coverage of this problem is compared and reasons and implications are explored. Although there are variations, early definitions of social problems entail 1. objective situations of social disorganization, 2. social values of a sizable population endangered by this disorganization, and 3. recognition of the need for social action (Laskin, 1964; Freeman and Jones, 1973). Social problems hinder personal goals and frustrate people in their prevailing relations (Raab and Selznick, 1959; Merton and Nisbet, 1961). above criteria explicitly assume the factual nature of social problems. Implicitly, it is expected that such problems will summon social scientific attention. In Laskin's (1964: 9) words, The problem could not be too severe if not much is written on it; it is likely to be severe if a great deal is written on it. Other views on social problems emphasize the social construction aspect that earlier definitions had missed (Spector and Kitsuse, 1977). Constructionism underscores the socially fabricated nature of social reality as opposed to assessment of facts devoid of their social meanings. More recent approaches to social problems also take into account the power of some groups in the claims-making activities. Even the so called neutrality of academics as observers within the claims-making process is questioned (Gordon, 1993; Holstein and Miller, 1993; Smith, 1990). The days when we could naively assume that knowledge and truth presented themselves in unadulterated form to scholars who simply and neutrally recorded the phenomena around them are long since past (Spender, 1981: 193). Gillespie and Leffler (1987: 491) poignantly show the road blocks set against social problem claimants when they receive more critical scrutiny than those in favour of the [status quo]. Using sexual harassment as a case in point, the authors demonstrate how methodology (generalizability, operational definitions, etc.) can be used as an intellectual weapon to scrutinize and even alter the nature of the problem, which eventually gets reflected in the literature (Gillespie and Leffler, 1987: 498). …

Social events have affected humans throughout the history of humanity causing the formation of many new movements and thoughts. Film industry, being the seventh art form, has also been affected by current social and political events thereby becoming transformed just like all other art forms. Horror movies which were first seen along with the first examples of movies in time became a genre by itself thanks to Hollywood and includes many film varieties that best reflect these transformations. Horror movies strived on scary middle age and gothic literature and in time has been shaped by the current social and political events. New beliefs and horrors have been added to older ones which in time increased the anxiety and horror elements. Horrors of witches and inquisition were replaced by the atom bomb and doomsday which was later on replaced by serial killers. In this study, the effects of political, social and current events on horror movies will be determined by making use of critical theory. The analysis of social status will be examined in decade long intervals under the light of these findings to determine which horror elements were caused by which social events. In the political, social and agenda of events that make up most prominent effects of fear critical theory may be found. In this state that social status is based on dealing with analysis of ten-year processes that are to be examined and What kind of horror elements which social events which cause has been analysed as it is.

This study examined the effects of narcissism and sexual harassment on employee behaviour in organizations. It also provides some strategic ways by which employees can cope with these not so subtle problems in their work places. It adopted a descriptive approach to the study and revealed that narcissism and sexual harassment are among the many common phenomena of most organizations in the world. Sexual harassment is tangible or quid pro quo in nature and occurs when an employee’s career path is directly impacted by a supervisor’s unwelcome request for sexual favours or other sexual advances. It also occurs under a hostile work – related environment where intimidation is applied to secure sexual favours from unwilling employees. The consequences of any of these forms of sexual harassment can be lasting emotional damages, depression, fear, frustration, and reduced productivity. Narcissism as a psycho – social problem on the job assumes the forms of an erotic self – love or a morbid and excessive self – admiration of employees at the work place or a compensatory reaction of minimal self – esteem which leads to covert jealousy towards others on the job. It was concluded that victims of these work – related psycho – social problems should seek professional or expert advice avoid environments under which they prevail or report such matters to their superior / management teams so that their cases could be effectively resolved based on some existing organizational policies on such related cases.Key words: Narcissism, sexual harassment, emotional damages, depression, intimidation, covert jealousy and reduced productivity.

Sexual harassment is a serious problem, and with a growing population of college students in China, the phenomenon is becoming prevalent. Using the 2010 data from the Third Survey on Chinese Women's Social Status, we examined relationships between understanding of sexual harassment and experience/response among Chinese college students. The results show that college students understand physical sexual harassment better (88%; unwanted sexual requests: 92%) than verbal and visual sexual harassment (54% and 70%, respectively). Understanding is higher among females than males, with a margin between eight to 21%. At a prevalence of 30%, the experience of verbal sexual harassment is the highest compared to other forms of harassment. Males were more likely to experience verbal and visual sexual harassment, while females were more likely to experience physical sexual harassment. In any event of sexual harassment, expressing dissatisfaction and stopping it is the response strategy that most resonates with respondents. It varied between 62% and 70% across forms of sexual harassment. Reporting to teachers or school authorities resonates least, varying between 0.30% and 2.28%. Understanding sexual harassment was strongly associated with a reduced likelihood of harassment. The equivalent odds ratios varied between 0.41 and 0.33 (p < .001), or 59-67% reduced likelihood across the forms of sexual harassment. Understanding sexual harassment was also strongly associated with an increased likelihood of not reacting passively or staying silent. Odds ratio varied between 1.99 and 3.86 (p < .001), about a minimum of twofold increased likelihood. Parents should strive to involve in their children's sex and sexual rights education, particularly during adolescence, to help them inculcate values against sexual harassment. Also, colleges and universities can bolster their curriculum with elective courses on sex education and regularly organize symposiums on sexual harassment to create a better understanding and awareness among students.

The Miss Universe Indonesia 2023 event is being torn apart. This started with the revelation of cases of alleged sexual harassment experienced by all the female finalists. Several victims began to speak out and took action to report to the police. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the women's feminist movement against sexual harassment at the Miss Universe Indonesia 2023 event to achieve gender justice.This research is qualitative research with a case study approach and a critical paradigm. Using a case study approach, this research reveals the dismantling of the process of sexual harassment experienced by victims who have made it into the news. Meanwhile, the critical paradigm is used as a form of immersion in the women's feminist movement against sexual harassment in achieving gender justice.Research shows that the power of women in the context of Miss Universe Indonesia 2023 is gender inequality. Then it emerged in the news for allegations of sexual harassment that did not reflect good ethics. News circulated that he played an active role and that cases of alleged sexual harassment accompanied by the women's resistance movement were still high. It is revealed that there is a flow of existentialist feminism, a movement towards individual freedom and fighting injustice against women. In this way, women prove that they have the power to uphold justice for gender equality.The Miss Universe Indonesia 2023 event is being torn apart. This started with the revelation of cases of alleged sexual harassment experienced by all the female finalists. Several victims began to speak out and took action to report to the police. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the women's feminist movement against sexual harassment at the Miss Universe Indonesia 2023 event to achieve gender justice.This research is qualitative research with a case study approach and a critical paradigm. Using a case study approach, this research reveals the dismantling of the process of sexual harassment experienced by victims who have made it into the news. Meanwhile, the critical paradigm is used as a form of immersion in the women's feminist movement against sexual harassment in achieving gender justice.Research shows that the power of women in the context of Miss Universe Indonesia 2023 is gender inequality. Then it emerged in the news for allegations of sexual harassment that did not reflect good ethics. News circulated that he played an active role and that cases of alleged sexual harassment accompanied by the women's resistance movement were still high. It is revealed that there is a flow of existentialist feminism, a movement towards individual freedom and fighting injustice against women. In this way, women prove that they have the power to uphold justice for gender equality.

Gender inequality remains one of the most pressing socio-economic challenge in South Africa despite the presence of policy initiatives that target women for empowerment. The lack of consensus in the literature of a reliable and consistent measurement instrument of gender equality also makes it difficult to quantify and analyze female empowerment issues. The objective of the study was to estimate a measure for female empowerment, Gender Status Index, for South Africa and then use the index to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship, economic growth and female empowerment. Using annual data from 1991 to 2017, an ARDL model of female empowerment (GSI), female entrepreneurship (Total female Self-Employment) and economic growth (Real GDP growth) was estimated. The study found that entrepreneurship has a positive impact on economic empowerment but no significant relationship on political and social empowerment. The study recommends more entrepreneurship institutions for female economic empowerment and ongoing policies initiatives that are more direct toward supporting female empowerment.

On Social Networks, Anonymous Testimonies, and Other Tools of Feminist Activism against Sexual Violence in Egypt

Ask a Political Scientist: A Conversation with Cynthia Enloe about Gender and Global Politics

Sexual harassment is perceived to be a major impediment to female labor force participation. Using novel data on all workplace sexual harassment precedent in US Circuit Courts from 1982-2002, we exploit the random assignment of US appellate judges and the fact that a judge’s gender and party of appointment predict decisions in sexual harassment cases to demonstrate the causal impact of pro-plaintiff sexual harassment precedent on the adoption of sexual harassment human resources policies and reduction in gender inequality. Consistent with an insider-outsider model of involuntary unemployment, forbidding sexual harassment encouraged entry of outsiders and reduced gender inequality along the dimensions of quantity and price, particularly in the construction industry, which was heavily affected by sexual harassment litigation, but these ameliorative effects are reduced for insider women. Pro-plaintiff decisions spurred the adoption of sexual harassment human resources policies by 4.8 percentage points and increased female employment shares by 0.4 percentage points.

Sexual harassment is perceived to be a major impediment to female labor force participation. Using novel data on all workplace sexual harassment precedent in US Circuit Courts from 1982-2002, we exploit the random assignment of US appellate judges and the fact that a judge’s gender and party of appointment predict decisions in sexual harassment cases to demonstrate the causal impact of pro-plaintiff sexual harassment precedent on the adoption of sexual harassment human resources policies and reduction in gender inequality. Consistent with an insider-outsider model of involuntary unemployment, forbidding sexual harassment encouraged entry of outsiders and reduced gender inequality along the dimensions of quantity and price, particularly in the construction industry, which was heavily affected by sexual harassment litigation, but these ameliorative effects are reduced for insider women. Pro-plaintiff decisions spurred the adoption of sexual harassment human resources policies by 4.8 percentage points and increased female employment shares by 0.4 percentage points.