El Comportamiento de la Pandemia en las Alcaldías. De cómo Contribuyen las Alcaldías para el Desarrollo de la COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México

The current COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant effects on the mental health of health personnel, which has emphasized the need to protect them, for this, Psychological Safety is a useful concept that needs to be contextualized in health emergency situations. Objective: to identify the personological configurations that participate in the conformation of the Psychological Safety of the subjects who work in the hospital high-risk area during the health emergency due to Covid-19. The personological approach is used from the configurational perspective in a multiple case study where Grounded Theory and Analytical Induction were applied. As results, the concepts of three states of Psychological Safety were enunciated. It is concluded that the personological perspective of Psychological Safety may be relevant for the design of prevention strategies at the organizational level during the health emergency. Along with this, it is substantiated that the concept of psychological safety for medical staff remains incomplete at the individual level. The analysis was performed model of organizational behavior allowed to assess the process of transformation from one state to another, in relation to the health emergency and how this change may affect the mental and psychosocial health of the subject, the results of the working group and the goals of the organization. It is emphasized that the retention of medical personnel working in high-risk areas, psychological safety should be a central goal in organizational management processes, especially during the current COVID-19 emergency, to which this study helps personal vision as a starting point for mental health prevention. and psychosocial health.

Background : A pandemic from a bio-psycho-social perspective represents for many people both a traumatic event and a risk factor for the onset of traumatic responses. These light up in the present but in reality, they represent the activation of peritraumatic networks dating back to the past to which the person can react both by the appearance of symptomatic pictures and the disintegration of the self into dissociated parts. Starting from this reading of trauma, Integrative Psychotherapy sets itself the challenge of accompanying people in an integrative work of the parts of the self by combining the emotional, somatic, and cognitive levels. Methods: The subjects were 31 patients, 15 of the control group and 16 of the experimental group. An online survey collected information on demographic data. Furthermore, anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms were assessed in pre and post-tests. The experimental group continued Integrative Psychotherapy during the health emergency. To analyze data, descriptive statistics, paired and independent two-sample t-tests were used. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the experimental group (patients that continued Integrative Psychotherapy sessions during the health emergency) and control group (patients that stopped therapy). Conclusions: The best performance of the experimental group shows the impact that Integrative Psychotherapy sessions have had in dealing with, managing, and overcoming the crises that patients were experiencing during the health emergency.

Background and Aim of the work.The present study aimed to identify the potential psychological malaise factors affecting the Italian nurses on the front lines of Covid-19 patient care since evidence suggested that they are at high risk of developing psychological disorders.Methods.An online questionnaire was administered to 291 Italian nurses, containing information on: sex, years of work experience, region of Italy where nurses worked and the intensive care unit assignment. Then, the anxiety disorders, the impact of the event, the depression and the insomnia conditions and their principal psychological factors influencing nurses during the health emergency. were assessed.Results.Nurses worked in Northern Italy registered higher anxiety scores than others (p=0.023); the assignment to the intensive care unit (p=0.042) not influenced these scores. The total impact of event (IES-R) values evidenced that women recorded higher “Avoidance” (p=0.032) and “Hyperarousal” (p=0.003) values than men. The nurses who worked in Northern Italy recorded higher scores of “Hyperarousal” (p=0.010) and IES-R total (p=0.044). More women than men showed insomnia conditions (p=0.038) and nurses with a number of years of work experience not exceeding 10 years recorded greater levels of depression than the others (p=0.031). The psychological factors affected nurses included: the “Pleasure/Interest” dimension which correlated with the “Uncontrollable Thinking” (p=0.007), the “Unsatisfactory sleep/wake rhythm” (p=0.004), and the “Unmanageable pain and weakness” (p=0.001).Conclusions.Urgent need to intervene with psychological support programs for health professionals, such as nurses who are facing the health emergency from Covid-19 on the front line. (www.actabiomedica)

The importance of data driven decision making in evidence based public health has significantly risen with the aim of answering today’s challenges and of providing new sustainable solutions. However, the advent of big data and data sciences techniques poses new challenges in terms of data sharing as multiple sources of data imply multiple stakeholders involved. Although the potential impact of data sharing among public organizations is widespread, several initiatives of cross-organizations information sharing fail. While revealing the necessity of cooperation between organizations to cope with the health emergency, the current pandemic COVID-19 has shed light on the complexity of inter-organizational data practices. In the last few years, several attempts have been made by the authors to identify factors affecting information sharing in the public sector. The framework developed by Yang and Maxwell (2011) summarizes the main insights from existing literature, providing a comprehensive overview of factors impacting data sharing initiatives and classifying them into technological, organizational and political factors. The aim of this research study is to investigate factors that hinder data sharing initiatives put in place to deal with the health emergency. To this end, we rely on multiple case studies. The Lombardy and Veneto regions were selected because the epidemic was initially concentrated in these two regions. The first hotspots of COVID-19 cases were identified in two geographical areas located in the Lombardy and Veneto regions, and stringent measures were introduced to contain the epidemic. The analysis of the case study is used to gain concrete, in-depth knowledge about inter-organizational data sharing in the context of epidemics. The findings of this research study confirm some of the relationships between technological and organizational factors and the success of the data sharing initiatives in the context of an emergency, as well as extend the proposed framework exploring further sources of complexity.

This study aimed to analyze and compare the organization and care offered by Primary Health Care (PHC) to people with suspected and/or diagnosed COVID-19 in Brazilian municipalities, considering the Human Development Index (HDI). This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out with managers of PHC services in Brazilian municipalities. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms between April and September 2022 and were analyzed using prevalence ratios, using a Poisson regression model with a random effect and a 5% significance level. The results indicated that municipalities with a low HDI were the most adherent to measures to reorganize PHC services during the health emergency phase of the pandemic when compared to municipalities with a medium, high, or very high HDI. This may be related to the better organization and structure of this level of care in the municipalities analyzed, pointing to the need for management that considers the population's living conditions when dealing with public health emergencies.

[Reflections on the problem of the overeveniences in the contract being executed during the covid-19 health emergency] According to the main regulatory provisions of supranational and national legislation on public procurement and by virtue of the principles laid down by the case law on events occurring during the execution of the contract for the award of services and supplies (even of modest economic value), there seems to be no doubt about the possibility of extending these events in the context of the current health emergency from Covid-19. This circumstance would legitimize the Public Administration to enter into the necessary negotiations with the contractor in order to agree on the modification of certain contractual clauses that cannot be implemented under normal conditions due to the health emergency.

Although nursing today is an intellectual profession to all intents and purposes, thesocial and professional image gap has not yet been bridged. Also, in the rest of the world, the social image of the nurse suffers from some stereotypes, not only perpetuated by a wrong knowledge on the part of the population but also fostered by the mass media (commentary, cinema, television series). To investigate the perception of students at the University of Piemonte Orientale about the nursing profession. A survey was conducted using an online questionnaire sent during the period of the health emergency linked to COVID-19 (from 18 August to 15 September 2020). 662 questionnaires were analysed. It was investigated how students describe nurses and whether that description would have been the same even before the COVID-19 health emergency. Furthermore, it was assessed which gender they consider most suited for the profession and whether the mass media has influenced their view of nurses. The students described the nurse with adjectives such as "expert / capable", "courteous / polite" and "welcoming / listening oriented" and stated that they would use the same terms even before the health emergency. The majority of the sample then believed that there is no more suitable gender to fill the role of nurse and that TV series or news reports have positively influenced their perception. However, only a small percentage of the sample would have considered the idea of becoming a nurse. A positive view of nurses emerged to overcome gender stereotype and a greater confidence in their technical-professional abilities. The data also highlight that the positive view of the nursing profession is not a consequence of the "publicity" provided by the media during COVID-19 emergency, which represented nurses as "heroes" of the National Health System.

(1) Background: Workplace violence among healthcare providers (HCPs) is a tangible barrier to patient care. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into physicians’ and nurses’ perceptions of workplace violence and their perceptions of communication skills during the COVID-19 health emergency. We also sought to assess and compare the association between types of workplace violence, communication skills, and several sociodemographic factors of physicians and nurses including gender, marital status, site of work, age, and educational level during this era. (2) Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a selected hospital in Jordan using the Arabic version of the workplace violence and communication skills scales for September to November 2020. We included a total of 102 physicians and 190 nurses via a self-reported questionnaire. (3) Results: During the COVID-19 health emergency, physicians (48%) experienced workplace violence more than nurses (31.6%). More than two-thirds of the participants did not formally report any type of violence. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, gender, age, site of work, educational levels, and communication skills were associated with different types of violence among the two samples. (4) Conclusions: A high prevalence of workplace violence is noted among HCPs in Jordan compared with before the pandemic, which highlights the importance of promoting public awareness during crises.

The highly infectious novel coronavirus (COVID-19), officially SARS-CoV-2, was discovered in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to the rest of the world in 2020. Frontline workers had frequent interactions with COVID-19-infected and -uninfected patients. Therefore, the study’s overarching goal is to investigate the experiences of frontline healthcare professionals in dealing with the COVID-19 health emergency. The study used a qualitative research approach with a phenomenological research design. Using a purposeful sampling approach, the researcher collected data from 24 participants. The MAXQDA program was used to analyze the data, and followed Collaizzi’s 7-step technique. All ethical standards were met to perform the study. Four main themes and ten subthemes were derived from the 24 in-depth interviews. The key themes were emotional suffering, intense physical pressure, social connection deterioration, and the inability to manage family obligations. Extensive social, emotional, and organizational aid is necessary to assist individuals in dealing with this unprecedented health crisis. Furthermore, the government and non-governmental organizations must work together to come up with the right policies to limit the COVID-19 burden on frontline health professionals.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Tobacco cessation motivation majorly depends on self-efficacy and sense of coherence. Hence the aim and objective of the present study was to explore how self-efficacy (SE) in addition to sense of coherence (SOC) affected tobacco cessation motivation and readiness among slum dwellers during the COVID-19 health emergency.Materials and Methods:The ongoing research was a cross-sectional, descriptive questionnaire study. The research started in November and ended in December 2020. The research took place in primary health centres located in Ajmer’s urban slums. In this analysis, east, west, north and south directions of Ajmer were chosen at random from each direction, and each slum had an associated primary health centre (PHC). From these 16 PHCs, people coming from slum areas were interviewed. The questionnaire consisted of demographic details, tobacco motivation and readiness, SOC and SE.Results:The majority of study participants (178, 56.7%) were not seriously considering reducing their tobacco intake. The majority of study subjects had poor sense of coherence {137 (43.6%)}, self-efficacy {141 (44.9%)} and tobacco cessation motivation and readiness {156 (49.7%)}. Using the logistic regression model, it was discovered that study participants with high SE and a high SOC had a substantial impact on successful tobacco cessation motivation and readiness (P = 0.01*), (P = 0.00*).Conclusion:It was concluded that the study participants with high self-efficacy and high sense of coherence had a significant impact on good tobacco cessation motivation and readiness.

Retos y dificultades para los tomadores de decisiones del área de la salud durante la pandemia en Bogotá: perspectiva desde un abordaje fenomenológico interpretativo

Scoping the impact of COVID-19 on the nexus of statelessness and health in Council of Europe member states

Seasonal correlation of meteorological parameters and PM2.5 with the COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in Baghdad, Iraq

Resumen:Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 presionó los sistemas de salud para mantener alerta y activos los programas de control y prevención de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, y generó cambios en las estrategias de control vectorial en áreas urbanas afectadas por el dengue, el Zika y el chikunguña.Objetivo. Describir las adaptaciones del programa de vigilancia y control de vectores en Medellín durante la contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19.Materiales y métodos. Iniciada la emergencia sanitaria, se elaboraron protocolos de bioseguridad. Se fortaleció la vigilancia entomológica institucional en lugar de las viviendas. La información se recolectó en Medellín durante los años 2018 a 2021, en las actividades del programa de vigilancia y control de vectores, que incluyen la vigilancia epidemiológica y entomo-virológica, el levantamiento de los índices entomológicos, el monitoreo de ovitrampas, la movilización social y comunitaria, la búsqueda y eliminación de criaderos, y el control químico; estas acciones se adaptarons o incrementaron para favorecer, de una parte, el autocuidado de las comunidades en confinamiento total y parcial, y de desarrollar las acciones de prevención y control.Resultados. Se incrementó en un 40 % la vigilancia del mosquito mediante ovitrampas, la vigilancia entomo-virológica presentó un incremento de 34,4 % en el 2020 respecto al 2019, y se utilizaron herramientas virtuales para mantener y mejorar el contacto con la comunidad. Conclusión. La pandemia por COVID-19 causó gran impacto en los programas de prevención y control de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores. Medellín adaptó rápidamente las actividades de vigilancia entomo-virológica, las acciones de control y la comunicación con la comunidad durante la pandemia, y esto permitió mantener activo el programa del manejo integrado de vectores en la ciudad.