El canon minero y el desarrollo socioeconómico en las regiones del Perú

Differences in the level of socio-economic development of regions are determined by many conditions and factors, such as: economic, social, political, natural, human, environmental, etc. The main goal of analyzing the socio-economic development of the region is to improve the conditions and quality of life. The article deals with the socio-economic development of the region (on the example of the Oryol region). The author analyzed the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators of the region, identified the problems of the region's development, outlined the prospects for the socio-economic development of the region. The assessment of the socio-economic development of the region was carried out using the average values of socio-economic indicators for two and three years. The analysis revealed an imbalance in the dynamics of the main socio-economic indicators of the development of the Oryol region. Some indicators characterized the growth of socio-economic development, others — its decline. An important aspect of the analysis was the consideration of the “Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Oryol region until 2035” in the main areas of its functioning. The effectiveness of the implementation of the planned activities was revealed, the selected indicators were studied, and the degree of their achievement was considered. The result of the study was the author’s view on the definition of the current situation of socio-economic development of the region. The main directions for improving the socio-economic development of the region are proposed, as well as the main methodological provisions are developed, cause-and-effect relationships are identified and priority directions for the development of the Oryol region are substantiated. The modern development of the Oryol region, both at the micro and macro levels, should be aimed at the active use of innovative resources, which will ensure sustainability in its socio-economic development.

The socio-economic development of regions and countries is an important research issue. Thus, it is necessary to identify those areas that can serve as sources of economic growth and the basis for the well-being of the population. This study aims to determine the most important sectors of the economy of a region that can contribute to its socio-economic development. For this research, the Arkhangelsk region was taken as one of the typical Russian regions that have neither significant reserves of hydrocarbons nor any large industrial complexes. In this regard, the question of possible origins of economic growth seems especially relevant. To this end, an autoregressive distributed lag model (ADL-model) was developed, which is based on quarterly data on the socio-economic development of the Arkhangelsk region for the period 2004–2019. The obtained three equations reflect the dynamics of regional socio-economic development. The study showed that the greatest influence on the socio-economic development of the region is exerted by such industries as mining, construction, and manufacturing sectors. The study can become the basis for forecasting and modelling the socio-economic development of the Arkhangelsk region in the short and medium-term. It also can be helpful for analysing the effectiveness of measures aimed at stimulating those or other industries of the region. The model can be used in developing a regional development strategy.

Purpose: The processes of socio-economic development always take place in a specific space and are not uniform. The modern conditions of regional development vary a lot with regard to the socio-economic development of the particular territorial entities. This is also true for Ukraine, the subject of this study and a current candidate for the European Union. This paper will assess the diversity of socio-economic development of the Ukrainian regions in 2020 and rank these entities according to the level of their development. Methodology: Z. Hellwig’s method of development pattern, which helps to order the regions in terms of their development, is applied to the evaluation of socio-economic development of the Ukrainian entities. The indicators adopted are systematised by the following areas: Demographics and job market, Structure of regional economies, Innovation, research and development activities, Technical infrastructure, Social infrastructure, and Condition and protection of the natural environment. Findings: The analysis helps to identify the levels of socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions and the region groups of the highest, high, low, and very low standards of development. The results suggest a great diversity of socio-economic development of these regions. Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhya, and Kharkiv experience the maximum, while Donetsk and Luhansk the minimum levels of development. Research limitations/implications: The data published by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2020 are used, excluding those for the temporarily occupied area of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol, and parts of the temporarily occupied areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Further comparative research should estimate the effects of the changes on socio-economic development following the end of the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine. Continuing studies may also identify factors with a decisive impact on the regions’ attribution to the particular groupings. Social implications: The evaluation of the regional development levels may provide foundations for some strategies of socio-economic development, an explication of causes of regional variations, and a determination of potential for and ways of levelling down the existing inequalities. The diversity of development of the individual Ukrainian regions is important to its status of a candidate to the EU, granted on 23 June 2022. In connection with a closer cooperation between Ukraine and the EU, the results can provide knowledge about where to channel the EU funding aimed at the socio-economic development of the particular regions. Originality/value: The determination of the diversity of socio-economic development and positioning of the Ukrainian regions in this respect. The study can also be seen as a contribution to the existing research and serve the purpose of comparative analysis. Keywords: region; regional development; regional diversity; socio-economic development of regions; Hellwig’s method. Category of the paper: research paper.

Summary The notion of a (socio-) metabolic transition has been used todescribe fundamental changes in socioeconomic energy andmaterial use during industrialization. During the last century,Japandevelopedfromalargelyagrarianeconomytooneoftheworld’s leading industrial nations. It is one of the few industrialcountries that has experienced prolonged dematerializationand recently has adopted a rigorous resource policy. This arti-cle investigates changes in Japan’s metabolism during industri-alization on the basis of a material flow account for the periodfrom 1878 to 2005. It presents annual data for material ex-traction, trade, and domestic consumption by major materialgroup and explores the relations among population growth,economic development, and material (and energy) use. Dur-ing the observed period, the size of Japan’s metabolism grewby a factor of 40, and the share of mineral and fossil materialsin domestic material consumption (DMC) grew to more than90%. Much of the growth in the Japanese metabolism wasbased on imported materials and occurred in only 20 yearsafter World War II (WWII), when Japan rapidly built up largestocks of built infrastructure, developed heavy industry, andadopted patterns of mass production and consumption. Thesurge in material use came to an abrupt halt with the firstoil crisis, however. Material use stabilized, and the economyeventually began to dematerialize. Although gross domesticproduct (GDP) grew much faster than material use, improve-mentsinmaterialintensityarearelativelyrecentphenomenon.Japanemergesasarolemodelforthemetabolictransitionbutis also exceptional in many ways.www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jie

Relevance. In modern conditions of integration with the EU countries, the regulatory framework of the socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine is supplemented from the standpoint of decentralization of local authorities in accordance with European requirements for reforming the domestic economy. The main reasons for improving regional management, taking into account the experience of developed countries of the world, are: unsatisfactory level of financial support for the regions of Ukraine; improper delineation of administrative-territorial powers; unproductive distribution and redistribution of income and expenses between the state and regions; imperfect management of the processes of formation and use of financial resources at the local level. All this makes the balanced development of both the regions of Ukraine and territorial communities, the main subject of socio-economic progress of a certain territory, virtually impossible.Goal and tasks. Identification of challenges and threats to stimulate the socio-economic development of regions on the basis of financial decentralization.Results. The article presents the results of a theoretical and practical study of the process of stimulating the socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine based on financial decentralization. The most significant problems of socio-economic development of Ukraine are identified. The role of state regional policy in solving these problems is revealed. The role of decentralization as a factor in regional development is substantiated. The essence of the concept of "decentralization" and its types is revealed, its mission is indicated. The results of observations of the processes of financial decentralization of local governments and territorial communities are presented. Positive changes and threats were identified regarding the stimulation of the socio-economic development of the regions based on financial decentralization.Findings. The financial decentralization of power has created new opportunities for the development of territories through new approaches to financing and managing the areas of community life (education and health), increasing the sources of local budgets, expanding the managerial powers of local governments and opportunities for publicprivate and inter-municipal partnerships, increasing the volume of supporting the implementation of projects of socio-economic and infrastructural development of territories. However, the issues of relations between such levels as the territorial community – district – region – state; financing of territorial development programs. The issue of economic self-sufficiency of territorial communities is not considered, which could, provided the rational use of the resource base, strengthen it and improve the financial situation. Consequently, the development of a territorial community at the local level is possible only if the correct state policy and the policy of local authorities based on financial decentralization are formed.

Education is critical to economic and social development and has an impact on individual’s future income. Education affects not only the potential ability of the individual to increase his or her future income, but can be considered as a source of socio-economic development of the region. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the education contribution to the socio-economic development of Russian regions. The study was conducted both for the Russian Federation as a whole and for the Federal districts and regions of Russia. We have developed the methodology for calculating the potential contribution of education to the socio-economic development of Russian regions. We assumed that when graduates enter the labour market they contribute to the economic growth and the social activity. From 2005 to 2016, the authors have analysed contribution of the following types of education: secondary general education, basic vocational education, secondary vocational education and higher education. Furthermore, we have considered the contribution of higher education to the socio-economic development of the regions of Russia across types of targeted training and specializations to select a sample of ten territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. We came to the conclusion that the higher education is the main contributor to the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The potential contribution of the general education system to the socioeconomic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation is due to the fact that it prepares pupils for the following education levels, but not for their entry to the labour market. The results of the research can be used to conduct a regular assessment of the impact of region’s education system to its social and economic development, as well as to optimize the regional structure of secondary and higher education.

To analyze fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents and to identify associated factors.A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 812 adolescents of both sexes in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2003. Food consumption was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall. Fruit and vegetable intake was described in percentiles. Quantile regression models were used to investigate the association between this intake and explanatory variables.Of all adolescents interviewed, 6.4% consumed the minimum recommendation of 400 g/day of fruits and vegetables and 22% did not consume any type of fruits and vegetables. According to quantile regression models, adjusted for energy intake, age group and sex, per capita household income and head of household's level of education were positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake, whereas smoking habit showed a negative association. Income was significantly associated with lower intake percentiles (p20 to p55); smoking, with intermediate percentiles (p45 to p75); and head of household's level of education, with higher percentiles (p70 to 95).Fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents of São Paulo was below the Ministry of Health's recommendations and it is influenced by per capita household income, head of family's level of education and smoking habit.

Draining the swamp: Defining strategic use of the information systems resource

ObjectiveTo explore the status quo and influencing factors for health-promoting lifestyle in the rural populace with high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and to provide reference for developing primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.MethodQuestionnaire-based survey of 585 cases of high-risk cardiovascular and cerebrovascular population in 11 administrative villages in Fuling of Lishui city was conducted using the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP II), Perceived Social Support from Family Scale (PSS-Fa), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and other questionnaire tools.ResultsThe total score of the health-promoting lifestyle in the rural populace with high risk of cardiovascular disease is 125.55 ± 20.50, which is at an average level, and the mean scores of each dimension in descending order are—nutrition, interpersonal support, self-actualization, stress management, health responsibility, and exercise. Monofactor analysis revealed that age, education level, marriage, monthly per capita household income, physical activity based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), family support function, carotid intima-media thickness, and blood pressure were influencing factors for the health-promoting lifestyle in the rural populace with high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (P < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that monthly per capita household income, family support function, physical activity based on the IPAQ, and education level were positively correlated with the level of the health-promoting lifestyle.ConclusionThe health-promoting lifestyle level of the rural populace with high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases needs to be improved. When assisting patients to improve their health-promoting lifestyle level, it is imperative to pay attention to improving patients' physical activity level, emphasizing the influence of the family environment on patients, and focusing on patients with economic difficulties and low education level.

Objective: To understand the awareness of weight and waist circumference and their influencing factors among residents aged ≥18 years in China and provide a reference for the development of relevant prevention and treatment policies and evaluation of intervention effects. Methods: We selected 298 counties (districts) from the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) which participated in the 2018 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance program and included 194 779 permanent residents aged ≥18 years. To obtain the demographic characteristics of the study population, we used a multi-stage stratified whole-group random sampling method, questionnaires, and physical measurements. In this study, 179 045 people who completed the survey and had complete information on weight and waist circumference awareness were used as the study subjects. The weight awareness rate and waist circumference awareness rate were calculated by gender stratification, age, urban-rural, and education level groups. A multi-factor logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related to weight and waist circumference awareness of residents aged ≥18 years. Results: The weight awareness rate of adult residents in China in 2018 was 45.4% (95%CI: 41.9%-48.9%), higher among men [46.2% (95%CI: 42.5%-49.8%)] than women [44.6% (95%CI: 41.1%-48.2%)], and in urban areas [54.3% (95%CI: 49.3%-59.3%)]. The highest weight awareness rate appeared in residents with low BMI grouping [49.9% (95%CI: 44.3%-55.6%)], and the weight awareness rate in residents with undiagnosed central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes was higher than that of residents with diagnosed diabetes, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The waist circumference awareness rate of adult residents was 11.6% (95%CI: 9.7%-13.4%), higher in women [12.8% (95%CI: 10.8%-14.8%)] than in men [10.3% (95%CI: 8.6%-12.0%)], higher in urban [14.6% (95%CI: 11.7%-17.4%)] than in rural [8.3% (95%CI: 6.5%-10.2%)], and the waist circumference awareness rate was higher among residents with confirmed diabetes than those with undiagnosed diabetes, with statistically significant differences (P=0.020). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The weight and waist circumference awareness rate increased with education level and annual per capita household income. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis suggested that urban, highly educated, high per capita annual household income and health check-up residents may have higher weight and waist circumference awareness rates among adult residents in China. Conclusion: Less than half of the adult residents in China know their weight status, and only about one-tenth know their waist circumference. Rural residents, those with low education levels and low annual per capita household income, and those who are obese need to be given prioritized attention. The relevant government departments should strengthen the popularization of the importance of weight and waist circumference on health and improve the awareness of our residents about their waist circumference and weight.

The aim of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, was to study the socio-economic asymmetry of Russian regions. The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that regional asymmetry in the system of socio-economic relations is considered as one of the main threats to the regional development of Russia. At the level of the federal state and its regions, certain territorial differences in the use of their resource potential can be traced, which leads to significant interregional and intraregional asymmetries in the levels of socio-economic development of territories. Among the priorities for minimizing the manifestations of regional development risks in modern conditions is the introduction of a new regional economic policy, the basis of which should be recognized the formation and activation of “growth points” and using effective tools that can reveal the potential of regions for creating the “multiplier effect” in the socio-economic development at the interregional level. Analyzing socio-economic indicators, the author was able to identify a general positive trend in the increase of the average monthly nominal wages, the volume of tax revenues, fees and other obligatory payments to the regional budgets, as well as the turnover of trade and the volume of paid services to the population in the previous year. The author proposes a refined concept of “asymmetry”, studies the causes and consequences of asymmetry in the socio-economic development of regions, and determines the indicators characterizing the inequality of regional development. The article provides a comparative analysis of the socio-economic development of individual regions of the Central Federal District; it gives recommendations for leveling the socio-economic development of Russian regions, which will allow the Government of the Russian Federation to reduce in the future the lag of economically less developed regions from more developed ones. These recommendations are: development of transport infrastructure, increasing the electricity and gasification of areas remote from the center of the country rich in minerals, a significant increase in the housing stock, through preferential mortgage lending with government support and in the development of agglomerations, calling in them, mainly, the Russian-speaking population from neighboring countries, by issuing passports and citizenship in a simplified procedure.

First President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev in his Address «Strategy Kazakhstan–2050: a new policy of the established state» has paid great attention to the problems of social and development of the country. Under the current economic situation in Kazakhstan solving macroeconomic problems is exacerbated by disparate socioeconomic development of regions. Since the sustainable development of the regions is one of the priorities of state policy. The purpose of this article is to analyze the level of socio-economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan, including the Almaty region. Also, effective reform of the socio-economic condition of the region has a huge impact on the social-economic development of both the state and its individual regions. Therefore, it is required to stop at the features of the socio-economic condition of the region. The main problems affecting the socio-economic development of regions are high-quality and competitive management and control of regions in the conditions of market economy, the development of new requirements for all branches of production management and financing of social services, etc. Now our republic not only has a market economy, but also real symbols of socio-economic development are being formed, which have large internal resources for the benefit of all Kazakhstanis. Among the regions of our country Almaty region is a major industrial center, as well as many professional agricultural production structure. In this regard, the article discusses conceptual proposals for a regulation of social and economic development of Almaty region.

Introduction: This study explores how the economic characteristics of Peruvian citizens affect their perception of democracy, transparency, and institutional governance. Methodology: We used data from the National Household Survey (ENAHO) between 2014 and 2021. Statistical techniques included Chi² tests, ANOVA, and multinomial logit models to examine relationships between monetary poverty, income levels, and citizen perceptions. Results: People in poverty reported lower knowledge of democracy (17,5% vs. 47,3% of non-poor) and a more negative perception of its functioning. Significant differences were found between urban (62,7% aware of democracy) and rural areas (31,5%). Higher-income individuals showed greater democratic understanding but also more frequent involvement in corrupt practices. Conclusions: Monetary poverty and regional disparities limit access to information, reduce civic participation, and erode institutional trust. Efforts should focus on strengthening civic education and transparency mechanisms, particularly in vulnerable and rural communities.

The research of financing the socio-economic development of the region at the expense of local budgets was conducted. Particularly, the conceptual foundations of socio-economic development budget financing have been further developed in terms of determining the directions of using resources that ensure the effectiveness of socio-economic development, systematic financial instruments of social development of the region, and supplemented in the allocation of grants and programs of the State Fund for Regional Development.On the basis of the analysis of budget expenditures, the analysis of financial support of socio-economic development of Ukraine and Ivano-Frankivsk region was carried out. In particular, the expenditures of the general and special fund of the Ivano-Frankivsk regional budget for financing the main directions of socio-economic development of the region were analyzed, the main trends were identified and problems were identified.Despite of important tasks that local governments face up when formulating and using development budgets, they are now mostly used to simplify individual budgetary procedures. In addition, the miserable sumes of local budget development revenues are directed, for the most part, to capital expenditures, to the repairs of social facilities, but not to investments in socio-economic development programs. Therefore, the development budget, as a mechanism for making budget investments, needs to be reformed and improved, due to the limitations on filling this fund with financial resources, the inefficient mechanism for its use and control over the level of efficiency.The state of socio-economic development of Ukraine can be concluded on the basis of statistical indicators characterizing trends in the social and economic spheres. Based on the data of the State Statistics Service, the importance of these indicators in 2015 – 2018 was highlighted. This helped to indicate a number of positive trends within the economic component of socio-economic development and the negative dynamics of some social indicators. It allowed justifying recommendations for improving the effectiveness of financing the socio-economic development of the region.

BackgroundWith the rising prevalence of obesity and overweight, increasing number of scholars paid attention to the negative effects on human health and life. Recent years, many studies have focused on the relation of socio-economic factors with the risk of overweight or obesity, but findings have been inconsistent. This study investigated the relationship between socio-economic factors and the risk of overweight and obesity among Chinese adults.MethodsThis study was based on the survey of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015, with 9245 Chinese adults aged 18–65 years old. Overweight and obesity were assessed by physical measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference. Multiple logistic models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association.ResultsOverall, the prevalence rates of general obesity and abdominal obesity were 15.5% and 22.6%, respectively. We found that education and per capita household income were positively associated with overweight and obesity risk in men. However, the association between education and obesity status was negative in women [general obesity: OR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.50–0.81); abdominal obesity: OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.51–0.76)]. Occupational status was only associated with general overweight in men.ConclusionsResults suggested that higher education and per capita household income were associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity among Chinese men, whereas the associations were negative for women. We recommended that men with high levels of education and income, women with low levels of education, can engage in some physical activity, modify dietary, and adopt a new way of life to maintain their weight and general health.