Abstract
Most of the shipped products are sensitive against shock and vibration events during the distribution. Various cushioning materials are usually used to prevent the product damages. During the design process the protective packaging system is developed by the engineers based on the cushion and vibration transmissibility features (ie. cushion curve) of the material used. However, after the assembly of the packaged-product, these are stored for various long periods in warehouse. During this time the products pre-load the cushioning material and its parameters can be changed. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the vibration transmissibility of PE and XPE cushioning material at varied storage (pre-loaded) time and static load conditions. Four different kinds of duration (1 hour, 10 hours, 100 hours and 1000 hours) were used for the pre-loading period at three different static loads (3.488 kPa, 4.651 kPa, and 6.976 kPa), and then at 0.5 oct/min sine sweep vibration the peak frequencies of response and vibration transmissibility, and damping ratio were determined. The results show that the effect of pre-loading is minimal by PE material, but can influence the resonance frequencies by XPE cushioning material. The findings of this study help the packaging engineers to understand better the mechanism of these cushioning materials and to design suitable protective packaging systems.
Highlights
Vibration and shock may cause significant product damage during shipping of packaged products
The usual packaging material is for cushioning a kind of lightweight, inexpensive material and holds a high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness-to-weight ratio that has favourable cushioning characteristics and vibration transmissibility
The theory of vibration transmissibility for cushioning material of packages is generally described as the ratio of the force transmitted to the force applied at different static loads [22]
Summary
Vibration and shock may cause significant product damage during shipping of packaged products. The cushioning material in any packaging system gives a necessary isolation between the pac– kaged item and the container. This can be modelled as a critical element attached to the product by a spring and a damper (Figure 1a and 1b). The usual packaging material is for cushioning a kind of lightweight, inexpensive material and holds a high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness-to-weight ratio that has favourable cushioning characteristics and vibration transmissibility. These materials usually are plastic foam and paper packaging and have been widely
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