Abstract
We apply a hydrodynamic approach to analyze ejecta emanating from doubly shocked liquid metals. In particular, we are interested in characterizing ejecta velocities in such situations by treating the problem as a limiting case of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. We find existing models for ejecta velocities do not adequately capture all the relevant physics, including compressibility, nonlinearities, and nonstandard shapes. We propose an empirical model that is capable of describing ejecta behavior across the entire parameter range of interest. We then suggest a protocol to apply this model when the donor material is shocked twice in rapid succession. Finally, the model and the suggested approach are validated using detailed continuum hydrodynamic simulations. The results provide a baseline understanding of the hydrodynamic aspects of ejecta, which can then be used to interpret experimental data from target experiments.
Highlights
Ejecta are typically formed at the free surface of a target metal when it is loaded by explosives, ballistic plate impact, or a laser source
The results provide a baseline understanding of the hydrodynamic aspects of ejecta, which can be used to interpret experimental data from target experiments
This approach has been successfully employed in developing models for the mass source,7,8 extension to nonstandard shapes,7,9 predicting the velocities of the bubble cavities,10 developing self-similar models of ejecta growth,11,12 and even using ejecta hydrodynamics to diagnose the yield strength of a material
Summary
Ejecta are typically formed at the free surface of a target metal when it is loaded by explosives, ballistic plate impact, or a laser source. The problem of mass ejections from shocked free surfaces is complex and involves multiple physical phenomena, yet it has been shown that significant progress can be made by treating the ejection process as a limiting case of the Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability.. The problem of mass ejections from shocked free surfaces is complex and involves multiple physical phenomena, yet it has been shown that significant progress can be made by treating the ejection process as a limiting case of the Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability.5,6 In recent years, this approach has been successfully employed in developing models for the mass source, extension to nonstandard shapes, predicting the velocities of the bubble cavities, developing self-similar models of ejecta growth, and even using ejecta hydrodynamics to diagnose the yield strength of a material.. By focusing solely on the hydrodynamic aspects, we have avoided complicating factors such as material defects, spallation, and uncertainties in the equations of state
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