EHealth competency needs in the Mekong border region: a GLMM analysis of primary care personnel in Nong Khai, Thailand.

  • Abstract
  • Literature Map
  • Similar Papers
Abstract
Translate article icon Translate Article Star icon
Take notes icon Take Notes

eHealth competency needs in the Mekong border region: a GLMM analysis of primary care personnel in Nong Khai, Thailand.

Similar Papers
  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 1
  • 10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n01.pe03129
Competency Development of Cross Border Transportation: A Case of Nong Khai Border
  • Nov 28, 2024
  • Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review
  • Varangkoon Issaragura Na Ayuthaya + 2 more

Objectives: This research focuses on enhancing cross-border trade between Thailand and Lao PDR, specifically emphasizing Nong Khai Province—a crucial border region for economic connectivity and trade along the Mekong River. Nong Khai’s strategic location, near the Lao capital Vientiane and its role as a central hub in the North-South Economic Corridor (NSEC) and Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), contributes significantly to regional trade and investment cooperation. Theoretical framework: The study develops a prototype intelligent cross-border freight vehicle management system to address existing transportation challenges. The system utilizes RFID sensor technology integrated into a mobile application for real-time tracking and status notification of freight vehicles. Methods: Data was collected through surveys with a sample of 400 logistics operators involved in transportation and distribution. Results and Discussion: The study’s structural equation model, which evaluates factors influencing cross-border transportation efficiency at the Nong Khai checkpoint, demonstrated a strong fit with empirical data. The model fit indicators were statistically significant (Chi-Square = 20.024, df = 21, Sig. = 0.520, CMIN/df = 0.954, CFI = 1.00, NFI = 0.997, GFI = 0.992, AGFI = 0.967, IFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00, RMR = 0.08), confirming that the model meets specified criteria. Research Implications: Findings suggest that the intelligent transport system prototype could substantially improve process control and operational efficiency, supporting the expansion of border trade in Nong Khai and contributing to economic growth in the region. Originality/Value: To enhance the safety and efficiency of logistics operations at a low cost.

  • Research Article
  • 10.1002/dat.20021
Training on organ donation in primary care centers: Level of acceptance among primary care personnel
  • May 9, 2006
  • Dialysis & Transplantation
  • C Conesa + 7 more

Background Information about organ transplantation and donation provided by primary care (PC) personnel has a strong impact on the attitude people have toward donation. However, these professionals often lack the training necessary to be able to pass on this information in a clear, concise, and precise way. This study was designed to determine the level of acceptance among PC professionals in Spain to a training course about donation and the implementation of an institutional program on donation at a global level in its basic health plan. Subjects and Methods A random sample of PC personnel stratified by sex, job category, and geographical location (n = 428). Professionals from 32 health centers in Spain were included in the study. The objective was evaluated using a questionnaire on organ donation and transplantation distributed to physicians, nurses, and nonmedical personnel. Results Of those who filled out the questionnaires, 76% (n = 325) favored donation, 1% (n = 5) were against it, and 23% (n = 98) were undecided. With respect to participating in a training course for PC personnel, 54% (n = 233) considered that it would be useful, regardless of job category (p = 0.181). When we evaluated the attitude to the course according to attitude to donation, 40% of those who were against donation and 46% of those who were undecided would take part in the proposed training course. As for having a health promotion program on donation integrated at the PC level, 66% (n = 283) considered that it would be useful. No differences were seen in this attitude according to job category (p = 0.119). Eleven percent (n = 47) believed that other, more important health programs needed to be set up at the PC level first. Conclusion The introduction of a training course about organ donation at the PC level would be of dubious value given that the personnel who are against or undecided about donation show a low predisposition to participating, and they would be the target population of such a course.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 4
  • 10.1377/hlthaff.14.2.280
Changing the health care workforce: lessons from foundation-sponsored programs.
  • Jan 1, 1995
  • Health affairs (Project Hope)
  • Debra J Lipson + 1 more

Changing the health care workforce: lessons from foundation-sponsored programs.

  • Research Article
  • 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17024
Key Success Factors and Motivation Affecting the Care of Patients with Tuberculosis of Health Personnel in Primary Care Units
  • Aug 16, 2021
  • Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
  • Phatthraphon Chowong + 3 more

This research is a cross-sectional descriptive aimed to study key success factors and motivation affectingthe care of patients with tuberculosis of health personnel in primary care units Nongbualamphu province,Thailand. The populations were 89 health personnel and 12 key informants. The content validity of thequestionnaire was evaluated by three experts with an IOC greater than 0.50 and Cronbach’s CorrelationCoefficient was 0.97 and In-Depth interview guidelines for the qualitative. Data was collected between 4thJanuary 2021 and 25th January 2021.The results of the study showed that five factors including; 1) motivation factor in responsibility 2)Hygiene Factor in policy and management 3) key success factor in the startup in areas that are ready andwilling to participation 4) Hygiene Factor in a relationship with supervisors, subordinates, co-workers and5) Hygiene Factor in salary and compensation affecting and could joint predict the care for tuberculosispatients in primary care at 75.0 percentage (R2 = 0.750, p-value <0.001). In conclusion, key success factorsand motivation affecting the care of patients with tuberculosis of health personnel in primary care units.Therefore, the health personnel should be developed in terms of work priorities, working process that ledto the intention to work, awareness of their roles and responsibilities Including promoting participation inpolicymaking on tuberculosis work.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 5
  • 10.1080/13607863.2014.977772
Improving home-based providers’ communication to primary care providers to enhance care coordination
  • Nov 17, 2014
  • Aging & Mental Health
  • Amber M Gum + 4 more

Objectives: Health care system fragmentation is a pervasive problem. Research has not delineated concrete behavioral strategies to guide providers to communicate with personnel in other organizations to coordinate care. We addressed this gap within a particular context: home-based providers delivering depression care management (DCM) to older adults requiring coordination with primary care personnel. Our objective was to pilot test a communication protocol (‘BRIDGE – BRinging Inter-Disciplinary Guidelines to Elders’) in conjunction with DCM.Method: In an open pilot trial (N = 7), home-based providers delivered DCM to participants. Following the BRIDGE protocol, home-based providers made scripted telephone calls and sent structured progress reports to personnel in participants’ primary care practices with concise information and requests for assistance. Home-based providers documented visits with participants, contacts to and responses from primary care personnel. A research interviewer assessed participant outcomes [Symptom Checklist-20 (depressive symptoms), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-12, satisfaction] at baseline, three months, and six months.Results: Over 12 months, home-based providers made 2.4 telephone calls and sent 6.3 faxes to other personnel, on average per participant. Primary care personnel responded to 18 of 22 requests (81.8%; 2 requests dropped, 2 ongoing), with at least one response per participant. Participants’ depressive symptoms and disability improved significantly at both post-tests with large effect sizes (d ranged 0.73–2.3). Participants were satisfied.Conclusion: Using BRIDGE, home-based providers expended a small amount of effort to communicate with primary care personnel, who responded to almost all requests. Larger scale research is needed to confirm findings and potentially extend BRIDGE to other client problems, professions, and service sectors.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 120
  • 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20815.x
Treating patients with medically unexplained symptoms in primary care.
  • Jun 1, 2003
  • Journal of General Internal Medicine
  • Robert C Smith + 10 more

There are no proven, comprehensive treatments in primary care for patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) even though these patients have high levels of psychosocial distress, medical disability, costs, and utilization. Despite extensive care, these common patients often become worse. We sought to identify an effective, research-based treatment that can be conducted by primary care personnel. We used our own experiences and files, consulted with experts, and conducted an extensive review of the literature to identify two things: 1). effective treatments from randomized controlled trials for MUS patients in primary care and in specialty settings; and 2). any type of treatment study in a related area that might inform primary care treatment, for example, depression, provider-patient relationship. We developed a multidimensional treatment plan by integrating several areas of the literature: collaborative/stepped care, cognitive-behavioral treatment, and the provider-patient relationship. The treatment is designed for primary care personnel (physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners) and deployed intensively at the outset; visit intervals are progressively increased as stability and improvement occur. Providing a comprehensive treatment plan for chronic, high-utilizing MUS patients removes one barrier to treating this common problem effectively in primary care by primary care personnel.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 23
  • 10.1186/1748-5908-2-10
Are we under-utilizing the talents of primary care personnel? A job analytic examination
  • Mar 30, 2007
  • Implementation Science
  • Sylvia J Hysong + 2 more

BackgroundPrimary care staffing decisions are often made unsystematically, potentially leading to increased costs, dissatisfaction, turnover, and reduced quality of care. This article aims to (1) catalogue the domain of primary care tasks, (2) explore the complexity associated with these tasks, and (3) examine how tasks performed by different job titles differ in function and complexity, using Functional Job Analysis to develop a new tool for making evidence-based staffing decisions.MethodsSeventy-seven primary care personnel from six US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers, representing six job titles, participated in two-day focus groups to generate 243 unique task statements describing the content of VA primary care. Certified job analysts rated tasks on ten dimensions representing task complexity, skills, autonomy, and error consequence. Two hundred and twenty-four primary care personnel from the same clinics then completed a survey indicating whether they performed each task. Tasks were catalogued using an adaptation of an existing classification scheme; complexity differences were tested via analysis of variance.ResultsObjective one: Task statements were categorized into four functions: service delivery (65%), administrative duties (15%), logistic support (9%), and workforce management (11%). Objective two: Consistent with expectations, 80% of tasks received ratings at or below the mid-scale value on all ten scales. Objective three: Service delivery and workforce management tasks received higher ratings on eight of ten scales (multiple functional complexity dimensions, autonomy, human error consequence) than administrative and logistic support tasks. Similarly, tasks performed by more highly trained job titles received higher ratings on six of ten scales than tasks performed by lower trained job titles. Contrary to expectations, the distribution of tasks across functions did not significantly vary by job title.ConclusionPrimary care personnel are not being utilized to the extent of their training; most personnel perform many tasks that could reasonably be performed by personnel with less training. Primary care clinics should use evidence-based information to optimize job-person fit, adjusting clinic staff mix and allocation of work across staff to enhance efficiency and effectiveness.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 10
  • 10.1046/j.1365-2850.1999.00244.x
General practitioners' perceptions of community psychiatric nurses in primary care.
  • Dec 1, 1999
  • Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing
  • F Badger + 1 more

The management of and responsibility for the care of people with mental health problems in the community is increasingly being assumed by general practitioners (GPs) and primary care personnel. As primary care groups (PCGs) evolve, so must their expertise in managing people with a wide range of mental health problems. It is expected that all mental health professionals will participate in this development, although it is likely that community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) will be the largest professional group involved, with a significant part to play in the shaping, management and delivery of mental health services. To date, there has been little research into how CPNs are perceived by other primary health care professionals. This study seeks to provide an insight into how GPs assess the contribution of CPNs in primary care. Overall, the results of the study suggest that GPs view CPNs favourably and consider that they have an important role to play. Greater involvement in primary care raises issues about the education and preparation of CPNs, their professional development and supervision needs.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 9
  • 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114259
Effectiveness of an intervention to reduce stigma towards people with a severe mental disorder diagnosis in primary health care personnel: Programme Igual-Mente
  • Nov 1, 2021
  • Psychiatry Research
  • Pamela Grandón + 9 more

Effectiveness of an intervention to reduce stigma towards people with a severe mental disorder diagnosis in primary health care personnel: Programme Igual-Mente

  • Research Article
  • 10.23880/jqhe-16000422
Assessment of Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Healthcare Workers in Primary Care
  • Jan 1, 2024
  • Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics
  • Linares Cánovas Lp + 4 more

Background: the dynamics of the work performed by health personnel in Primary Care sometimes affect their quality of life. The deterioration of this quality leads to the appearance of absenteeism, burnout, reduced productivity, and a decrease in the quality of the service provided, which is accompanied by multiple economic and health implications. Aim: to evaluate the quality of life of healthcare personnel working in Primary Care. Method: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, carried out on healthcare personnel from two Primary Care units, in Pinar del Río, May 2024. A sample of 254 participants was selected in a probabilistic, simple random manner, meeting the selection criteria. The application of questionnaires, including the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire, allowed the obtaining of data that gave rise to the variables studied. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Results: significant differences were found in the mean scores for the physical health dimension when assessing marital status (p=.011), sex (p=.047), and ethnic group (p=.017), with the latter two showing the same behavior when assessing the social relations dimension. Statistically significant differences (p<.001) were found when comparing the mean scores for all dimensions in relation to sleeping eight hours a day, exercising, and being satisfied with income. Resident physicians predominated in the sample (45.7%), with no differences found in the dimensions of the WHOQOL-bref in relation to occupation (p>.05). Age (r=.172) and time working in the sector (r=.168) showed a weak and statistically significant correlation (p<.05) with physical health; the latter was moderately correlated with psychological health (r=.569) and the environment (r=.541), and weakly correlated with social relationships (r=.386), with these correlations being very statistically significant (p<.001). ´Psychological health was positively and moderately correlated with social relationships (r=.611; p<.001). Conclusions: The quality of life of primary care health workers was assessed, identifying the influencing factors. It is essential to adopt measures to improve their quality of life, which will reduce absenteeism, increase retention and improve productivity, generating economic benefits.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 48
  • 10.3109/02813438409018083
Early rehabilitation at home of elderly patients with hip fractures and consumption of resources in primary care.
  • Jan 1, 1984
  • Scandinavian journal of primary health care
  • Gun-Britt Jarnlo + 2 more

From 1976 onwards an active rehabilitation programme has been applied to elderly patients with fresh hip fractures at the Department of Orthopaedics in Lund in Southern Sweden. This involves early mobilisation in the hospital (internal fixation and immediate weight-bearing) and at home, rehabilitation in cooperation with primary health care personnel from the time of the patient's admission. The purposes of this investigation were to evaluate the effect of this programme in primary care and to assess the consumption of resources for rehabilitation at home of patients with cervical or trochanteric hip fractures. One hundred of 161 consecutive patients returned home directly on discharge from the hospital and were followed up until four months after the fracture by the home care unit (a primary health care centre). Most patients regained their previous functions within four months of their fractures. Patients with cervical fractures consumed less resources for rehabilitation than patients with trochanteric fractures. The total cost per patient was ten times higher for care at a convalescent-home than for rehabilitation at home through primary care. Early at home rehabilitation of elderly patients with hip fractures gives good results at a minimal cost and is thus of advantage both to the patient and to the community.

  • PDF Download Icon
  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 4
  • 10.1038/s41533-016-0010-x
GESAP trial rationale and methodology: management of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea in primary care units compared to sleep units
  • Feb 7, 2017
  • NPJ primary care respiratory medicine
  • Núria Tarraubella + 6 more

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep. This leads to arterial hypoxemia and sleep disruption and causes daytime sleepiness and several associated dysfunctions, including cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, inflammatory, cognitive, and behavioral disorders.(1) OSA is a relevant public health issue, with epidemiological studies showing a prevalence of 10% in middle-aged men and 3% in middle-aged women.(2) Moreover, OSA has been associated with the development of cardiovascular events(3,4) and resistant hypertension,(5) has a negative impact on quality of life,(6) and has even been shown to have a causative role in traffic accidents.(7) The application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a highly effective treatment for OSA that can improve symptoms and quality of life, decrease traffic accidents and potentially lessen cardiovascular morbidity.(8,9) Furthermore, CPAP is cost-effective.(10) However, only approximately 10% of individuals with OSA are diagnosed and treated. This scarcity in diagnosis has direct public health consequences due to the above-mentioned health implications and the high economic costs associated with untreated OSA. Currently, the diagnosis and management of OSA are performed in highly specialized hospital-based sleep units (SUs), where full sleep studies (polysomnography (PSG)) or respiratory poligraphy (RP) can be conducted. However, this management approach has proven to be insufficient in identifying most OSA cases in the population, in addition to being cost-ineffective and generating long waiting lists.(11) Given that OSA is a common chronic disorder, we believe that all levels of a healthcare system, especially primary care (PC), should be included in its management.(12-14) The first trials assessing the management of OSA at the PC level reported satisfactory results.(15-19) Moreover, our group showed that CPAP compliance did not differ between the PC and SU setting and was more cost-effective in the PC setting. 19 However, in the above studies, although OSA management occurred at the PC level, diagnosis had always occurred in a SU. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of implementing a program for the diagnosis and management of OSA that can be conducted by PC personnel, and we compared these outcomes to those generated using the standard diagnosis and management protocols that are practiced in SUs. AIMS The main objectives of the GESAP study are to assess the efficacies of PC and SU programs for OSA management. These assessments will be made using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) before and for 6 months after initiating the program to assess its cost-effectiveness based on both ESS and quality of life (EuroQol-5D). Secondary objectives include assessments of patient satisfaction, treatment compliance, and the number, severity, and evolution of the treatment's side effects.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 2
  • 10.1080/08039480500319852
Detecting early signs of psychosis. Vignettes presented to professionals in primary healthcare and psychiatry
  • Jan 1, 2005
  • Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
  • Gunvor E Strömberg + 4 more

Among personnel in primary healthcare and psychiatric care, the ability to detect early signs of psychosis was examined and compared. Differences due to sex, age, profession or time in the profession were explored. Three different vignettes concerning patients with mental illness were presented to the respondents, and every respondent was to mark what they thought were early signs of psychosis in the vignettes. The findings were compared with a pre-set standard of symptoms and signs. Healthcare personnel from two different administrative districts, Umeå and Örnsköldsvik in northern Sweden, participated in the study. The response rate was 77%, but for district nurses in the administrative district of Umeå it was only 25%, so therefore complementary interviews with nine district nurses in that district, representing the drop-outs, were performed. There was no difference whatsoever in ability to detect early signs of psychosis between personnel in primary healthcare and psychiatric care; nor were there any significant differences due to sex, age, profession or time in their profession. Detecting early signs of psychosis requires training and the ability to communicate with patients, as well as a special sensitivity to psychiatric conditions. This can be achieved by enhancing accessibility and continuity of primary healthcare for these patients. Furthermore, a greater sensitivity to early signs of psychosis must be created among all healthcare personnel. The co-operation between primary healthcare and psychiatric care must increase. Primary care physicians need opportunities to see patients over time in order to correctly interpret early signs and symptoms of psychiatric illness.

  • Research Article
  • Cite Count Icon 5
  • 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1417_20
Commentary: Preferred practice pattern for primary eye care in the context of COVID-19 in L V Prasad Eye Institute network in India.
  • Jan 1, 2020
  • Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
  • Rohitc Khanna + 6 more

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated in Wuhan, China, and spread across the globe. As of 5th June 2020, it has infected nearly 6.5 million individuals and killed more than 400,000 individuals.[1] The route of transmission includes mainly droplets, fomites, and also aerosol particles.[2] There is evidence that SARS-Cov-2 can also cause intestinal infection and present in faeces, however there are no reports on the faecal-oral transmission.[2] The most common symptoms reported are fever and cough.[34] Ocular involvement in the form of conjunctivitis can sometimes be the first symptom.[35] Advisory measures include social distancing, working from home and safe hygiene practice. Legal measures include travel restrictions, reduction or postponement of elective procedures, lockdown, and curfews.[6] Health care professionals are at an increased risk of infection, including ophthalmologists, 000 other allied health personnel, as most of the ophthalmic procedures bring them in close contact with the patients.[357] There are also reports of SARS-CoV-2 identified in tears and conjunctival swabs, thus putting clinical eye care professionals at risk of acquiring the infection.[5891011] Different guidelines have been developed for ophthalmologists by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO),[12] International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO)[13] as well as national societies such as All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS).[1415] Similarly, the American Optometry Association has developed guidelines for optometry.[16] However, there are limited guidelines available for primary eye care (PEC) facilities in India. In India, the government sector offers PEC through its Vision Centres (VC) located within the primary health centres (PHC). The non-governmental organizations (NGO) offer care through a stand-alone Vision Centre (VC) model.[1718] In this article, we describe the guidelines followed in our PEC network, i.e., VC network of L V Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), India.[19] LVPEI response to COVID-19 at primary level can be divided into the following steps: Safeguarding infrastructure and equipment Primary eye care personnel protection Patient triaging and Clinical protocols (including optical dispensing) Administrative control and monitoring The protocols can also be viewed at: https://youtu.be/zVcSiHfFojk 1. Protection of infrastructure and equipment: A PEC facility is typically set up in a space of approximately a 500 square feet area. The existing structure has been modified and re-arranged to suit the current COVID-19 situation. This includes seating arrangement to ensure that social distance (3 feet distance) is maintained. Cleaning and disinfection protocols have been developed [Table 1]. Sanitizers are also placed at the entrance of the examination room as well as the optical dispensing counter and used after each examination. As described in other guidelines, breath barriers have been installed on slit lamp biomicroscopes.[12131415] Additional breath barriers have been created for retinoscopes, autorefractors, and for fundus imaging equipment. The cleaning and disinfection protocols of the PEC facility are shown in Table 1.Table 1: Cleaning and disinfecting protocol for the primary eye care facility2. Primary eye care personnel protection: Personal protective equipment has been provided as described in other guidelines [Table 2].[1314151620] The procedure for donning PPE (putting on) and doffing PPE (taking off) is detailed in [Fig. 1]. Along with PPE, the importance of social distancing and hand hygiene practice has been reinforced. They are also advised to avoid social gatherings and visitors, as well as family holidays. All pregnant women and high risk persons are given leave.[21] For education, the use of online platform is encouraged and being used.Table 2: Personal protective equipment for primary eye care personnelFigure 1: Donning and doffing of personal protective equipment by primary eye care personnel3. Patient triaging and clinical protocols (including optical dispensing): The PEC facilities are stand-alone units managed by a single person (in most cases). The core functions include refraction and dispensing of spectacles, diagnosis of common eye conditions, and appropriate referrals for further intervention. Hence, the clinical protocols are developed with a focus on these functions as well as other guidelines.[13141516] Fig. 2 shows the clinical workflow at a PEC facility in our network. All patients are instructed to wear a mask or cover their nose and mouth with cloth/scarf. The patient is greeted (non-contact method). For patient triaging, a COVID-19 questionnaire is administered and temperature is recorded. Anyone with high temperature is referred to the nearest government facility. Before examination, the patient is asked to sign a COVID-19 consent form.Figure 2: Clinical workflow in a primary eye care clinicRecording personal history and demographic information: The standard protocol with social distancing is followed to obtain personal and demographic information. Aadhar card (personal identification card issued by government) and mobile numbers (of patient and next of kin) are mandatory as these details would be required at a later date, if any positive cases are reported among the patients examined in the centre. Attendants are discouraged unless the patient is a child or physically disabled. Visual acuity assessment: Visual acuity for the distance is assessed using standard illuminated Snellen's visual acuity chart. However L-Occluder is not used. Instead, the patient is instructed to close the non-testing eye with his/her hand (not fingers). The near vision chart is held by the examiner at a distance of 35-40 cm, and at least one-meter distance from the patient is maintained while assessing visual acuity. Objective and Subjective Refraction: Objective and subjective refraction is performed on all patients. The trial frame is cleaned with an alcohol wipe before placing it on the patient for refraction. Touching the forehead of the patient to measure working distance is avoided. All the lenses used for neutralization are placed on the desk. After completing a subjective examination, each lens and occluder is cleaned with alcohol wipes before replacing in the trial box. The trial frame is also cleaned each time. Retinoscopy barrier is used while doing retinoscopy, similar to the slit lamp barrier as shown in Fig. 3. Wherever possible, spherical equivalent lenses are prescribed and dispensed, so that movement of lenses and frames can be minimized.Figure 3: A barrier for performing retinoscopySlit-lamp examination and applanation tonometry: Slit-lamp examination is performed on all patients and the same protocols described in other guidelines are followed.[13141516] This includes avoiding all non-essential examination as well as 'no talking' policy during the examination. Patients with conjunctivitis are not examined on slit-lamp, and referred directly to higher centres. Aerosol generating procedures like non-contact tonometry are avoided.[22] Wherever possible intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is avoided. This includes patients who are less than 30 years of age, those with redness in the last 2 weeks, those likely to be referred to higher centres, and those with Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) 6/6 and N6 for near. Procedures like direct ophthalmoscopy is also avoided. Lensometry: If the patient is using spectacles, preferably hand neutralization technique is used to assess lens power and the spectacles are cleaned with hydrogen peroxide before returning to the patient. Fundus camera: A breath barrier is installed with the help of the manufacturer and imaging is restricted to those who require the service. These include patients with a history of diabetes; intraocular pressure more than 20 mm of mercury; and those with shallow anterior chamber. It is also indicated if the vision is not improving with refraction beyond 6/12; and if there is a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). Spectacle dispensing: Patients are advised to clean hands with sterillium at the entrance of the optical outlet. During frame selection, social distancing is maintained. All frames tried by the patient is kept in a separate tray (Ex: Red colour tray). After trial, the frames are cleaned using 0.5% hydrogen peroxide spray, especially the nose pad and nose bridge before replacing them. 4. Administrative control and monitoring: The PEC centres are a part of a larger eye care network, and are monitored by a higher level center through frequent phone calls and physical checks where possible. A monitoring checklist is developed and implemented. The checklist includes indicators to assess the adherence to protocols such as one attendant policy, awareness of health messages, compliance with PPE and cleaning protocols. One-to-one meetings are also held with the PEC personnel. The aim is to reduce anxieties, obtain feedback, provide guidance for implementation, monitoring, and compliance. The PEC personnel is also instructed to submit Incident Reports on any serious event. To summarize, these guidelines are based on the best possible evidence and also align with other recent guidelines in India.[1415] While these guidelines are developed based on our experience at our higher centres, these can be easily adopted by the PEC facilities in the developing countries of our region. The guidelines are subject to change based on the generation of new evidence as well as changes in national policies. In conclusion, a good triaging system at multiple levels and following the best-preferred practices would significantly mitigate the risk of COVID-19 at the PEC facility. Disclaimer The guidelines are based on the best available evidence as of today as well as experience in our network of more than 100 centres. Despite adherence, they may not mitigate the risk to 100%, however, they would aid in reducing the risk at multiple points. These guidelines will be updated as and when new evidence is generated. Anyone interested in following the updates and the protocols, we would recommend that they get in touch with our Hospital Infection Control Committee. Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge Ms Sreedevi Penmetcha, Management Consultant at L V Prasad Eye Institute for language editing of the manuscript.

  • Research Article
  • 10.17816/pmj415103-114
Navigation literacy of primary health care personnel (using the example of the heads of medical and obstetric centers in Orenburg region)
  • Nov 13, 2024
  • Perm Medical Journal
  • D N Begun + 3 more

Objective. To assess navigation literacy of primary health care personnel (using the example of the heads of medical and obstetric centers in Orenburg region). Materials and methods. Navigation literacy of primary health care personnel was assessed among all heads of medical and obstetric centers in Orenburg region (n = 58). For this purpose, a single-stage continuous online survey was conducted using a combined questionnaire developed by the Central Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Informatization of the Ministry of Heath of the Russian Federation. Results. The level of navigation literacy among the heads of the medical and obstetric centers of Orenburg region in 65.7 % of cases was excellent and sufficient. In the list of navigation skills, the heads of the medical and obstetric centers noted difficulties in the implementation of: issues of medical insurance (48.3 %), legal aspects of medical care and protection of patients' rights (27.5-48.3 %), healthcare reform (36.2 %). It was found out that from 63.7 % to 91.4 % of the heads of the medical and obstetric centers are aware of the ongoing state measures in the field of public health. The majority of the respondents (60.0 %) noted that they search for necessary information for professional purposes using digital tools. However, every third respondent (32.7 %) mentioned the difficulties in finding it on legislative issues, interpreting the quality and safety of food products according to their product labeling (27.6 %), solving problems related to mental health and well-being (18.9 %). These data demonstrate the need to improve navigation literacy of medical and obstetric centers managers in the digital environment. Conclusions. The modern multilevel and multicomponent healthcare system is associated with the need to improve the navigation literacy of medical personnel. The data obtained determined the main directions for improving navigation literacy of the heads of medical and obstetric centers.

Save Icon
Up Arrow
Open/Close
  • Ask R Discovery Star icon
  • Chat PDF Star icon

AI summaries and top papers from 250M+ research sources.