Efficient production of mammalian RNA tumor viruses in serum-free culture medium allows rapid RNA subunit purification

Abstract

A wide variety of infected mammalian cell cultures were observed to produce high levels of RNA tumor virus particles in the absence of serum for at least 12 h. Virus production was measured by yields of 50–70 S viral RNAs isolated directly from serum-free culture media by chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. Yields of RNAs from viruses produced in serum-free medium were comparable to yields obtained from purified viruses produced in serum-containing medium. Subunits of viral RNAs were thermally dissociated and separated by a new sedimentation system using sucrose gradients with resolving power (in the relevant size range) equivalent to that obtained with electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. RNA subunits isolated directly from serum-free medium appeared to be intact as judged by poly(A) content and resedimentation. The overall approach developed here represents dramatic savings in time and effort over previous ways of producing purified RNA subunits from RNA tumor viruses.