Abstract
An efficient solver for large-scale linear mu hbox {FE} simulations was extended for nonlinear material behavior. The material model included damage-based tissue degradation and fracture. The new framework was applied to 20 trabecular biopsies with a mesh resolution of {36},{{upmu }hbox {m}}. Suitable material parameters were identified based on two biopsies by comparison with axial tension and compression experiments. The good parallel performance and low memory footprint of the solver were preserved. Excellent correlation of the maximum apparent stress was found between simulations and experiments (R^2 > 0.97). The development of local damage regions was observable due to the nonlinear nature of the simulations. A novel elasticity limit was proposed based on the local damage information. The elasticity limit was found to be lower than the 0.2% yield point. Systematic differences in the yield behavior of biopsies under apparent compression and tension loading were observed. This indicates that damage distributions could lead to more insight into the failure mechanisms of trabecular bone.
Highlights
In-silico modeling of bone can help get a better insight into the biomechanical behavior of bone (Keaveny et al 2001)
Understanding bone failure could aid in reducing bone fractures due to better diagnostics or in the development of improved treatments
Simulations based on computed tomography (CT) scans provide information on the internal failure progression of bone under loading in more detail than which is currently possible with experiments
Summary
In-silico modeling of bone can help get a better insight into the biomechanical behavior of bone (Keaveny et al 2001). Bone failure is not yet well understood, due to the highly complex hierarchical composition of bone. Understanding bone failure could aid in reducing bone fractures due to better diagnostics or in the development of improved treatments. Simulations based on computed tomography (CT) scans provide information on the internal failure progression of bone under loading in more detail than which is currently possible with experiments. The development of high-resolution CT scanners made simulations on real bone structures possible. Scan resolutions are high enough to uncover local damage patterns on the micro-scale, i.e., on the level of single trabeculae.
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