Abstract
BackgroundObtaining dedifferentiated cells (callus) that can regenerate into whole plants is not always feasible for many plant species. Sugar beet is known to be recalcitrant for dedifferentiation and plant regeneration. These difficulties were major obstacles for obtaining transgenic sugar beets through an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure. The sugar beet line ‘NK-219mm-O’ is an exceptional line that forms callus efficiently and is easy to regenerate, but the inheritance of these characters was unknown. Another concern was whether these characters could coexist with an annual habitat that makes it possible to breed short life-cycle sugar beet suitable for molecular genetic analysis.FindingsFive sugar beet lines including NK-219mm-O were crossed with each other and subjected to in vitro culture to form callus. F1s with a NK-219mm-O background generally formed callus efficiently compared to the others, indicating that efficient callus formation is heritable. The regeneration potential was examined based on the phenotypes of calli after placement on regeneration medium. Five phenotypes were observed, of which two phenotypes regenerated shoots or somatic embryo-like structures. Vascular differentiation was evident in regenerable calli, whereas non-regenerable calli lacked normally developed vascular tissues. In a half-diallel cross, the callus-formation efficiency and the regeneration potential of reciprocal F1s progeny having a NK-219mm-O background were high. Finally, we crossed NK-219mm-O with an annual line that had a poor in vitro performance. The callus-formation efficiency and the regeneration potential of reciprocal F1 were high. The regenerated plants showed an annual habitat.ConclusionsEfficient callus formation and the high plant regeneration potential of NK-219mm-O were inherited and expressed in the F1. The annual habitat does not impair these high in vitro performances.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41065-016-0015-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Obtaining dedifferentiated cells that can regenerate into whole plants is not always feasible for many plant species
Explants are dedifferentiated in vitro to obtain callus that is subsequently infected with Agrobacterium harboring a recombinant Ti plasmid that will be inserted into plant chromosomes
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is generally recalcitrant for dedifferentiation and plant regeneration, cultivars and breeding lines show different responses to in vitro culture. This finding suggests that dedifferentiation and plant regeneration may be heritable characters and the genes involved in these characters may be scarce in sugar beet populations
Summary
Obtaining dedifferentiated cells (callus) that can regenerate into whole plants is not always feasible for many plant species. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is generally recalcitrant for dedifferentiation and plant regeneration, cultivars and breeding lines show different responses to in vitro culture. This finding suggests that dedifferentiation and plant regeneration may be heritable characters and the genes involved in these characters may be scarce in sugar beet populations.
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