Abstract
Biofilms formed by bacterial cells are associated with drastically enhanced resistance against most antimicrobial agents, contributing to the persistence and chronicization of the microbial infections and to therapy failure. The purpose of this study was to combine the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles with the antimicrobial activity of three essential oils to obtain novel nanobiosystems that could be used as coatings for catheter pieces with an improved resistance to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains adherence and biofilm development. The essential oils of ylang ylang, patchouli and vanilla were stabilized by the interaction with iron oxide@C14 nanoparticles to be further used as coating agents for medical surfaces. Iron oxide@C14 was prepared by co-precipitation of Fe+2 and Fe+3 and myristic acid (C14) in basic medium. Vanilla essential oil loaded nanoparticles pelliculised on the catheter samples surface strongly inhibited both the initial adherence of S. aureus cells (quantified at 24 h) and the development of the mature biofilm quantified at 48 h. Patchouli and ylang-ylang essential oils inhibited mostly the initial adherence phase of S. aureus biofilm development. In the case of K. pneumoniae, all tested nanosystems exhibited similar efficiency, being active mostly against the adherence K. pneumoniae cells to the tested catheter specimens. The new nanobiosystems based on vanilla, patchouli and ylang-ylang essential oils could be of a great interest for the biomedical field, opening new directions for the design of film-coated surfaces with anti-adherence and anti-biofilm properties.
Highlights
The surface of the biomaterials implanted in the human body is rapidly covered by a proteinaceous conditioning film predisposing to microbial colonization that could lead to biofilm associated infections, produced by a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli.The biofilm associated infections are characterized by slow onset, middle intensity symptoms, chronic evolution and resistance to antibiotic treatment [1]
Nanobiosystems based on iron oxide nanoparticles and essential oils have been prepared in order to create novel anti-adherent surfaces
The obtained iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with myristic acid (C14) have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD and TGA
Summary
The surface of the biomaterials implanted in the human body is rapidly covered by a proteinaceous conditioning film predisposing to microbial colonization that could lead to biofilm associated infections, produced by a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli. Due to its main active sesquiterpenoid compounds, PEO exhibited in vitro antibacterial effects against a wide range of bacteria such as Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae [13]. Ylang-ylang essential oil inhibited biofilm formed by E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 6538, S. epidermidis clinical isolated strain and Candida albicans ATCC10231 [18,19]. The purpose of this study was to combine the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles with the antimicrobial activity of three essential oils to obtain novel nanobiosystems that could be pelliculised on the surface of catheter pieces exhibiting an improved resistance to microbial adherence and biofilm development by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains
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