Efficiency of sowing complexes in technologies for cultivating spring soft wheat in the steppe zone of the Omsk region

Abstract

Currently, when purchasing equipment, agricultural enterprises have the opportunity to choose from a large number of brands and models of machines and implements of both domestic and foreign production. The decision to choose a specific model should be made taking into account the cultivated crops, technologies and economic feasibility. The conducted research was aimed at determining the effectiveness of using various sowing units within the framework of four technologies for cultivating spring soft wheat in the steppe zone of the Omsk region in 2023. Their results showed that the minimum cost for sowing a unit of area is required by seven-seeder SKP-2.1 units with K-742M and RSM 2400 tractors (at the level of 1389-1646 rubles/ha). A sowing unit consisting of an RSM 2400 tractor and an Amazone Condor seeding complex proved to be more than twice as expensive as the SKP-2.1 (+124...166% to the level of costs for sowing with the SKP-2.1 seeder units). An intermediate position between the seven-seeder SKP-2.1 and Amazone Condor units was occupied by Salford sowing units with K-742M, RSM 2375 and RSM 2400 tractors (+93...147% to the level of costs for sowing SKP-2.1). At the same time, more expensive sowing units are also more productive. Thus, sowing units, which included Salford, sowed on average 1.1-1.26 times more area per hour of shift time than a seven-seeder unit with SKP-2.1, and for Amazone Condor this figure was 1.6- 1.72. The use of various options for completing sowing units and the use of chemical agents in the experiment led to a more than sevenfold variation in the cost of sowing according to the options, from 1389 rubles/ha (when sowing with a seven-seeder sowing unit SKP-2.1 and a tractor K-742M without the use of means chemicalization) up to 9,795 rubles/ha (when using the Amazone Condor seeding complex in conjunction with the RSM 2400 tractor with the pre-sowing application of 90 kg/ha of ammophos over a field pre-treated with Sprut-Extra herbicide at a rate of 2.5 l/ha). The integrated use of chemicals in the experiment gave an increase in yield compared to options without chemicalization, but the cost of their use in the experiment significantly reduced the economic efficiency of production of the final product.