Abstract
Abstract In order to measure the impact of the economic growth over the years, the sustainable development concept works to balance three pillars of sustainability - economic, social and environmental. This paper has the objective to compare emerging countries (BRICS) with the most developed countries (G7) by analysing sustainable development. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used, thorugh the variant SBM (Slacks Based Measured) model. The inputs were CO2 emission, percentage of unemployed and energy utilization. GDP and life expectancy at birth were used as outputs. The main result was a global average efficency ranking, having the emerging countries in top positions (India, China and Brazil, respectively). In addition, emerging countries have always stood out in the average of the slacks of each analyzed variable. These results are important in terms of being useful for public policies related to sustainable development, especially: (1) to contribute to the discussions related to evaluating the countries, helping to identify those with the best practices with regard to environmental, social and economic aspects in each group; and (2) to guide policy decisions regarding government incentives to promote the development of efficient countries in terms of economic growth and welfare social without harming the environment.
Highlights
One of the greatest challenges of the world is the attempt to reach a consensus regarding economic growth, environmental sustentability and population's living conditions (Lira & Cândido, 2008)
There is a need to focus on the three pillars of sustainability so that countries can have an economic development without degrading the environment and considering the well-being of the population
It is noted that the latter are BRICS (Russia and South Africa), showing that these countries should improve their sustainable practices by investing more in policies focused on sustainable development
Summary
One of the greatest challenges of the world is the attempt to reach a consensus regarding economic growth, environmental sustentability and population's living conditions (Lira & Cândido, 2008). In this context, studies (Chang, 2015; Camioto et al, 2014; Frugoli et al, 2015; Santana et al, 2014; Verma & Raghubanshi, 2018; Zhou et al, 2019a) were carried out with the objective to check if the growth model considers environmental sustentability and population’s life quality as important variables. It is importante to analyse the way in which these countries are developing in order to measure their performance with respect to the sustainability and quality of life of its population
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