Abstract
The present study examined the efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin, pyriproxyfen and granular formulations of spinosad and temephos for the control of mosquito larvae present in experimental tires in Veracruz State, Mexico in the period 2015–2016. Both λ-cyhalothrin and spinosad granules provided control of larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex spp. in used tires in Veracruz State, Mexico, over a 9–12 week period, although numbers of Culex were low. The numbers of Aedes larvae + pupae in pyriproxyfen and temephos-treated tires were slightly less than half of the untreated control tires, probably a result the pupicidal characteristics of pyriproxyfen and possible resistance in the case of temephos. Spinosad was less harmful to predatory Toxorhynchites spp. than λ-cyhalothrin or temephos. The reduced susceptibility to temephos in Aedes populations was confirmed at five other sites in Veracruz. Public health authorities should consider incorporating spinosad as a larvicide in coastal areas at a high risk of dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreaks in this region.
Highlights
Car and truck tires represent a highly productive habitat for the development of container-dwelling mosquitoes [1]
Due to the conditions they experience during larval development, mosquitoes that develop in tires may be more susceptible to infection by viruses of public health importance than individuals that develop in natural habitats [6]
Pretreatment sampling indicated that the mean density of Aedes spp. larvae and pupae averaged
Summary
Car and truck tires represent a highly productive habitat for the development of container-dwelling mosquitoes [1]. Tires provide the shaded conditions in their interior that are favored for oviposition by many container-dwelling mosquitoes, their dark color promotes rapid warming in sunlight that hastens larval development that can advance the seasonal occurrence of vectors [4]. Tires can remain undisturbed for long periods allowing sequential generations to reproduce continuously and reach high densities [5]. Due to the conditions they experience during larval development, mosquitoes that develop in tires may be more susceptible to infection by viruses of public health importance than individuals that develop in natural habitats [6]. The international trade in tires has been implicated in the dispersal of invasive species such as Aedes albopictus that likely spread to the Americas, Africa and Europe in contaminated tires [7,8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
