Abstract

Introduction: This study investigates the impact of language complexity on Keystroke Dynamics (KD) and its implications for accurate KD-based user authentication system performance in smartphones. Method: This research meticulously analyzes keystroke patterns using 160 volunteers, including both frequently typed and infrequently typed texts. Our analysis of 12 anomaly detection algorithms reveals that a simple text-based KD system consistently outperforms its complex counterpart with superior Equal Error Rates (EERs). Results: As a result, the Scaled Manhattan anomaly detector achieves an EER of 2.48% for simple text and an improvement over 2.98% for complex text. The incorporation of soft biometrics further enhances algorithmic performance, emphasizing strategies to build resilience into KD-based user authentication systems. Conclusion: Throughout this study, the importance of text complexity is emphasized, and innovative pathways are introduced to strengthen KD-based user authentication paradigms.

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