Abstract
The use of “biologics” has become increasingly popular over the past several decades due to their potential to treat various pathologies by providing supraphysiological doses of anabolic growth factors. Within orthopaedic sports medicine, biologic treatments such as platelet-rich plasma and stem cells/progenitor cells are now widely used to treat soft tissue pathologies despite the lack of evidence for many of these therapies. The effects of orthobiologics on tendon and ligament healing has been investigated in various animal models and clinical trials, yet there is still no clear consensus on which biologic treatments, if any, are efficacious. Among the randomized controlled trials for these different biologics, small sample sizes, heterogenous methodology, and highly variable comparator treatments make comparisons between studies difficult and hinder the understanding of each biologic. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise summary of the best evidence for and against various “biologics” that are being used for orthopaedic tendon and ligament pathologies.
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