Efficacy and Duration of Intra-Articular Autologous Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue in Athletes with Ankle Osteoarthritis: A 36-Month Follow-Up Study

Abstract

Introduction: The intra-articular injection of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MAT) is increasingly used to manage pain and dysfunction in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the safety and clinical outcomes of intra-articular MAT in athletes with ankle OA. Methods: Participants were 21 symptomatic athletes aged 18–30 years suffering from mild-to-moderate ankle OA, who received 7 mL autologous MAT after failure of six-month conservative treatment. Clinical evaluation was performed before the procedure and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months using the visual analog scale for pain, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score and the Foot and Ankle Disability Index score. Patient satisfaction was assessed at 36 months. Results: The clinical scores documented a significant or marked improvement throughout the follow-up (p < 0.05). However, at 36 months, they were significantly lower compared with the 24-month time point (p < 0.05), although they were still significantly better than the baseline scores. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Altogether, 81% of patients were very satisfied and 19% were satisfied. Conclusions: Intra-articular MAT injection appears to be a safe and effective treatment for ankle OA. In particular, it offers athletes wishing a fast return to their sports a new, minimally invasive therapeutic option.