Abstract
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The suppression mechanism of the differential-mode noise of an X capacitor in offline power supplies is, for the first time, attributed to two distinct concepts: 1) impedance mismatch (regarding a line impedance stabilization network or mains and the equivalent power supply noise source impedance) and 2) <formula formulatype="inline"><tex> $C(dv/dt)$</tex></formula> noise current balancing (to suppress mix-mode noise). The effectiveness of X capacitors is investigated with this theory, along with experimental supports. Understanding of the two aforementioned mechanisms gives better insight into filter effectiveness, which may lead to a more compact filter design. </para>
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