Abstract
Water miscible ionic liquids had various effects on the physiology of Clostridium sporogenes when tested as additives in culture media or reaction media for reduction of nitrobenzene. 2-Hydroxy ethyl trimethyl-ammonium dimethyl phosphate ([EtOHNMe3][Me2PO4]) and N,N-dimethylethanolammonium acetate (DMEAA) increased the growth rate of C. sporogenes by as much as 28%, suggesting that they were either metabolised or increased the availability of nutrients. By contrast, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMim][BF4]) and AMMOENG™ 100 inhibited growth. Although 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium ethylsulfate ([EMim][EtSO4]; 2% w/v) inhibited growth by 58%, it was sufficiently non-toxic to allow efficient reduction of nitrobenzene using harvested cells, providing aniline yields up to 79%. The high product yield with reactions in [EMim][EtSO4] represented a significant improvement over conventional solvents, since the yield was only 8% in aqueous ethanol (4% v/v) and 45% in a biphasic heptane/aqueous system (phase ratio 0.33). The ionic liquid appeared to suppress unproductive substrate consumption by an unknown mechanism
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