Effects of Turmeric and Turmeric Plus Piperine Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults with Cardiometabolic Risk Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Following PRISMA Guidelines

Objective: Pomegranate juice (PJ) is rich in polyphenols with potential lipid-lowering effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PJ consumption on blood lipid parameters through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases to identify RCTs assessing the effects of PJ on lipid profiles in adults. A total of 17 RCTs involving 663 participants were included. Outcomes analyzed were changes in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed based on dose, duration, and participant health status.Results: PJ consumption was associated with significant reductions in TG (MD: −8.2 mg/dL) and LDL-C (MD: −4.8 mg/dL), and a significant increase in HDL-C (MD: +2.8 mg/dL). No overall effect was observed for TC. High heterogeneity was detected, partially explained by differences in PJ dose and population characteristics.Conclusion: PJ may improve lipid profiles, particularly by reducing TG and LDL-C and increasing HDL-C levels. These effects appear more pronounced in populations with metabolic disorders. Future trials with standardized PJ formulations and longer durations are warranted.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of consuming pistachio nuts on lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglyceride [TG]). Databases of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 2019 to identify RCTs documenting the effects of consuming pistachio nuts on blood lipid profiles in adults. Effect sizes were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird method). Twelve eligible RCTs were included. Consumption of pistachio nuts decreased TC (WMD: −7.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, −12.62 to −2.34), LDL-C (WMD: −3.82 mg/dL; 95% CI, −5.49 to −2.16) and TG (WMD: −11.19 mg/dL; 95% CI, −14.21 to −8.17) levels. However, HDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: 2.45 mg/dL; 95% CI, −2.44 to 7.33) did not change following pistachio consumption. Consuming pistachio nuts may improve lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, TG) in adults and may be protective against cardiometabolic diseases. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.

PurposePrevious research indicates that vitamin D and omega-3 co-supplementation may benefit overall health, but current evidence regarding its effects on lipid profile remains unclear. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 co-supplementation on lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglyceride [TG] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]) in adults.Design/methodology/approachIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, relevant studies were obtained by searching the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases (from inception to January 2022). Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated via a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were reported using standard methods.FindingsPooled analysis of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed that vitamin D and omega-3 co-supplementation yielded significant reductions in TG (p = 0.631). A pooled analysis of five trials indicated a significant association between omega-3 and vitamin D treatment and reductions in TC (p = 0.001) and LDL (p = 0.001). Although, pooled analyses of omega-3 and vitamin D did not significantly affect HDL.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that vitamin D and omega-3 co-supplementation lowers TG, TC and LDL in adults. Future, large-scale, RCTs on various populations are needed to elucidate further beneficial effects of vitamin D and omega-3 co-supplementation on lipid profile and establish guidelines for clinical practice.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to synthesize existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in adults.MethodsIn this meta-analysis, we systematically searched four major electronic databases—PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase—from their inception until August 15, 2025, to ensure comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature. The primary outcome indicators analyzed in this study included interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We conducted data analysis using the Stata 17.0 software to perform a statistical analysis of the combined effect sizes for each indicator.ResultsA total of 11 RCTs were included, involving 409 participants. The results showed that WBV training significantly reduced TNF-α [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.80 pg/mL, 95% CI: −1.14 to −0.47, p < 0.001], hs-CRP (WMD = −0.68 mg/L, 95% CI: −0.94 to −0.43, p < 0.001), and TG [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.67, 95% CI: −1.15 to −0.19, p = 0.006] levels in adults. However, no significant effects were observed for IL-6 (WMD = −0.50 pg/mL, 95% CI: −2.08 to −1.08, p = 0.535), IL-8 (WMD = 0.30 pg/mL, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.85, p = 0.296), TC (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI: −0.57 to 0.02, p = 0.067), LDL (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI: −0.98 to 0.03, p = 0.068), and HDL (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI: −0.17 to 1.03, p = 0.156).ConclusionThis study confirmed that WBV training can positively impact inflammatory markers (TNF-α and hs-CRP) and lipid profile (TG) in adults. These findings provide important evidence for health management and intervention strategies for chronic disease prevention in adults, further supporting WBV training as an effective exercise intervention strategy for promoting metabolic health.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD420251124521) https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/CRD420251124521.

Background: Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) has assessed the effect of Anethum graveolens L. (AG) or dill supplementation on lipid profile in adults with cardiovascular risk factors with different results. Therefore, we decided to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the available randomized controlled trials to assess AG supplementation's efficacy on lipid profile in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane's database, Ovid, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant articles investigating the effect of AG on the lipid profile of adults with risk factors for cardiovascular disease up to December 2020. Six trials with seven treatment armsmet the inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analysis. To test heterogeneity, I2 statistics and Cochrane Q test were applied. Results: The results reported a significant improving effect of AG on TG [WMD = -29.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): -34.73,-23.68 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.001], TC (WMD = -16.46, 95%CI: -21.54,-11.39 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.001), LDL-C (WMD = -13.90, 95%CI: -16.08, -11.72 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.001), and HDL-C (WMD = 4.01, 95%CI: 3.48, 4.54 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials revealed that consuming AG extract for more than six weeks might improve lipid profile in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.

The electiveness of Capsicum annuum supplementation in controlling dyslipidemia in adults has been unclear. Therefore, this meta-analysis focuses on the relationship between C. annuum supplementation and lipid profile in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to March 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the administration of C. annuum compared to control on lipid markers in adults with MetS and related disorders were examined. Pooled effect sizes were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results of four eligible RCTs showed that C. annuum supplementation could significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -4.98 mg/dL, 95% CI: -7.08 to -2.88, p ≤ 0.001) levels, but did not regulate triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. In summary, the present findings suggest the beneficial effects of C. annuum supplementation on the reduction of plasma levels of TC. However, to draw a firm link between C. annuum supplementation and lipid profile, more trials with adequate sample sizes, specifically in subjects with dyslipidemia are warranted.

High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced risk of depression in prospective cohort studies, but whether MD interventions are effective among adults with depression is uncertain. This study aimed to synthesize findings on the effects of MD interventions on the severity of depressive symptoms in adults with depression. PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception to March 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane recommendations were followed. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes after MD interventions with outcomes for control conditions in adults with depressive disorders or depressive symptoms. Two authors extracted the data independently. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator, the I2 metric, and the prediction interval were used to estimate between-study heterogeneity. To determine the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence from RCTs, we used the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2 and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools, respectively. In total, 1507 participants (mean age range: 22.0 years-53.3 years) with depression were initially included in the 5 RCTs of this review. Compared with control conditions, MD interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms among young and middle-aged adults with major depression or mild to moderate depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference: -0.53; 95% confidence interval: -0.90 to -0.16; I2 = 87.1%). The prediction interval ranged from -1.86 to 0.81. The overall risk of bias was within the range of "some concerns" to "high," while the certainty of evidence was low. MD interventions appear to have substantial potential for alleviating depressive symptoms in people experiencing major or mild depression. However, to establish robust recommendations, there remains a need for high-quality, large-scale, and long-term RCTs. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022341895.

BackgroundGlucomannan has been studied for various health benefits, but its effects on lipid profile in adults are not well understood. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of glucomannan supplementation on serum/plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Apo B1, Apo A1, APO-B/ A1 ratio, and LDL-C/ HDL-C in adults.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to June 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing glucomannan supplementation on lipid profile in adults. Data were extracted and analyzed using random effects model to determine the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each biomarker.ResultsGlucomannan supplementation significantly decreased TC (SMD: -3.299; 95% CI: -4.955, -1.664, P < 0.001; I2 = 95.41%, P-heterogeneity < 0.001), LDL-C (SMD: -2.993; 95% CI: -4.958, -1.028; P = 0.006; I2 = 95.49%, P-heterogeneity < 0.001), and Apo B1 (SMD: -2.2; 95% CI: -3.58, -0.82; P = 0.01). However, glucomannan did not alter the levels of TG (SMD: -0.119; 95% CI: -1.076, 0.837, P = 0.789; I2 = 91.63%, P-heterogeneity < 0.001), Apo A1 (SMD: -0.48; 95% CI: -6.27, 5.32; P = 0.76), APO-B/ A1 ratio (SMD: -1.15; 95% CI: -2.91, 0.61; P = 0.11), and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio (SMD: -2.2; 95% CI: -7.28, 2.87; P = 0.2).ConclusionsGlucomannan supplementation has a beneficial effect on the level of TC and LDL-C.

Obesity-related dyslipidemia remains a significant health challenge, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has been proposed as a potential adjunctive intervention due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of HRW on lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity. We searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to November 2025 that compared HRW with placebo or standard water in adults with mean body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m². Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twelve articles comprising 13 RCTs (n = 757 participants) were included. HRW significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: − 6.71 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 10.38 to − 3.04; P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: − 3.21 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 6.31 to − 0.10; P = 0.043). A small reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed (WMD: − 1.16 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 1.92 to − 0.40; P = 0.003). Triglycerides showed no significant change (WMD: − 4.21 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 17.75 to 9.32; P = 0.54). Most trials enrolled overweight or obese adults with cardiometabolic comorbidities. Subgroup analyses were underpowered and considered hypothesis-generating. HRW supplementation in overweight or obese adults produces small, statistically detectable but clinically modest reductions in TC and LDL-C, with minimal effects on TG and HDL-C. These effects are below thresholds considered meaningful for cardiovascular risk reduction and should not justify routine use of HRW as a lipid-lowering therapy outside of research settings and these findings primarily apply to adults with preexisting metabolic conditions and should not be generalized to all overweight/obese individuals. Any potential role remains limited to an investigational adjunct, and further adequately powered, longer-term RCTs are needed before HRW can be considered in dyslipidemia management.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have been implicated in hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Antioxidants can improve glycemic control, lipid profile, and cognitive functions. We assessed the effect of Vitamin E and omega 3 fatty acids (OFA) on the above parameters. One hundred patients with type 2 DM receiving metformin 500 mg and glimepiride 1 mg were randomized to receive add-on therapy of Vitamin E 400 mg or OFA once daily for 12 weeks and the third group served as control. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile, and mini-mental state examination were done at baseline and 12 weeks. Eighty-seven patients completed the study. A significant reduction in FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c was observed in all the three groups at 12 weeks. There was significant reduction in total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) in patients receiving either of the antioxidants and also significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein in patients receiving OFA at 12 weeks compared to baseline. BMI and WHR were significantly increased in control group. Intergroup analysis showed that in patients receiving Vitamin E and OFA, the reduction of FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c were similar. The patients receiving OFA had significant reduction in TG compared to control. There was no significant effect on cognitive function. Vitamin E and OFA had beneficial effects on lipid profile and anthropometric measurements; however, the glycemic control was similar to the patients in control group.

The regulation of lipid metabolism is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases, which are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has garnered attention for its potential role in modulating lipid profiles. However, the magnitude of these effects are unclear due to the heterogeneity of the studies. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have examined the effects of HMB on lipid profiles in adults. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched for relevant studies through January 2024. The study protocol was also registered at Prospero (no. CRD42024528549). Based on a random-effects model, we calculated WMDs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The outcomes assessed included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Sensitivity, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also conducted. Our analysis included a total of 10 RCTs comprising 421 participants. The pooled data revealed no significant effect of HMB supplementation on TC (WMD: -2.26 mg/dL; 95%CI: -6.11 to 1.58; p = 0.25), TG (WMD: -2.83 mg/dL 95% CI: -12.93 to 7.27; p = 0.58), LDL-C (WMD: 0.13 mg/dL; 95%CI: -3.02 to 3.28; mg; p = 0.94), and HDL-C (WMD: -0.78 mg/dL; 95%CI: -2.04 to 0.48; p = 0.22). The quality of evidence was rated as moderate to low for all outcomes. The current evidence from RCTs suggests that HMB supplementation does not significantly alter lipid profiles, including TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Further research is warranted to confirm these results and explore the potential mechanisms of action of HMB. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=528549, CRD42024528549.

ABSTRACTBackgroundHyperlipidemia, a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is characterized by elevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglycerides, and reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, such as anacetrapib, obicetrapib, evacetrapib, dalcetrapib, and torcetrapib, aim to improve lipid profiles by increasing HDL‐C and reducing LDL‐C, but their comparative efficacy remains unclear.MethodsThis systematic review and frequentist network meta‐analysis, conducted per PRISMA‐NMA guidelines, included 33 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 120,292 adults with hyperlipidemia. We compared CETP inhibitors, alone or with statins, against placebo or other lipid‐lowering therapies. Primary outcome was LDL‐C reduction; secondary outcomes included HDL‐C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol changes. Random‐effects models calculated mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P‐scores ranked interventions.ResultsAtorvastatin + obicetrapib showed the largest reduction in LDL‐C levels (MD: −69.00, 95% CI: −95.96 to −42.04, p < 0.0001), followed by rosuvastatin + obicetrapib (MD: −60.70, 95% CI: −99.28 to −22.12, p = 0.0020). Atorvastatin + obicetrapib yielded highly significant increase in HDL‐C levels (MD: 149.90, 95% CI: 121.70 to 178.10, p < 0.0001), but rosuvastatin + obicetrapib showed the greatest increase (MD: 158.90, 95% CI: 118.59 to 199.21, p < 0.0001) and obicetrapib monotherapy (MD: 139.00, 95% CI: 129.05 to 148.96, p < 0.0001), while rosuvastatin + evacetrapib led triglyceride reductions (MD: −31.70 mg/dL). Rosuvastatin was most effective for total cholesterol (MD: −31.60 mg/dL).ConclusionCETP inhibitors, particularly anacetrapib and obicetrapib combined with statins, significantly improve lipid profiles, offering potential therapeutic benefits for hyperlipidemia management and cardiovascular risk reduction.Trial Registration: The study was registered with PROSPERO to ensure transparency and adherence to methodological rigor (Registration ID: CRD420250652666).

Although polysaccharides have demonstrated potential in alleviating dysbiosis, the overall impact of polysaccharides on minimizing oxidative stress and organ damage in vivo has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the comprehensive effects of polysaccharides in mitigating pesticide toxicity in animal studies, focusing on biomarkers related to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, kidney injury, lipid profiles, liver function, and the preservation of liver and kidney weights. A systematic search was conducted across nine indexed databases, including PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Taylor & Francis, Scopus, Sage, EBSCO, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Rayyan.ai was used to screen in vivo studies that met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the selected in vivo studies was evaluated using SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool, specifically designed for animal studies. Thirteen randomized animal studies, comprising 330 mice and rats, were included in the analysis. The findings revealed that polysaccharides significantly increased antioxidant levels, including catalase (CAT) (p<0.00001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p<0.00001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p<0.00001), and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p<0.00001). Polysaccharides also significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.00001) and nitric oxide (NO) (p<0.0001), as well as kidney injury biomarkers, including serum creatinine (p<0.00001) and urea (p<0.00001). Additionally, improvements in lipid profiles were observed, with significant reductions in triglycerides (TG) (p=0.04) and total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.00001). However, there were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.28) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.32) levels. Polysaccharides significantly alleviate liver biomarkers, including aspartate transaminase (AST) (p<0.0001), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p<0.005), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0.0001). Polysaccharides also contributed to the maintenance of liver weight (p=0.009), although no significant differences were observed in kidney weights (p=0.81). The study highlights that polysaccharides exert significant effects in enhancing antioxidant levels, reducing oxidative stress and organ damage biomarkers, and preserving liver weights.

ObjectiveThe association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear and inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and vitamin D deficiency in the overweight and obese adults.MethodsFour databases, including PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were used to identify all studies on vitamin D status and lipid levels, including the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models was used to assess the association between the lipid profile and vitamin D deficiency.ResultsTwenty-one articles that included a total of 7952 adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. The overall results revealed that compared with the controls, individuals with vitamin D deficiency showed higher levels of TG (WMD = 15.01; 95%CI, 2.51–27.52) and TC (WMD = 8.61; 95%CI, 1.31–15.92). Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was related to an increased level of LDL (WMD = 6.12; 95%CI, 0.02–12.23). HDL level was inversely associated with the vitamin D deficiency status (WMD = -2.57; 95%CI, -4.26, -0.88).ConclusionsAmong the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient group displayed impaired lipid profiles, including increased TG, TC and LDL levels and reduced HDL level.

Background and Aims: We investigated the association of anthropometric measurements with lipid profile in adult hypertensive patients with normal weight and overweight including obesity. Materials and Method: This was a randomized study performed in Tiaret, Algeria, on 150 hypertensive patients aged 33-91 years. Patients were divided according to their body weight (normal weight vs. overweight and obesity) into two groups. Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were measured to estimate the various categories of body weight. The blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG) were analyzed. Results: We found significant relations between body weight and blood pressure. Patients with normal weight had a normal blood pressure. However, a significant increase in blood pressure was observed in patients with overweight and obesity. Numerous significant relationship were disclosed for TC and LDL-c. Conclusion: Lipid profile is related with weight status in hypertensive overweight/obese patients.