Abstract
(1) In order to enable a more widespread use of uncemented titanium-based endoprostheses to replace cobalt-containing cemented endoprostheses for joint replacement, it is essential to achieve optimal osseointegrative properties and develop economic fabrication processes while retaining the highest biomedical quality of titanium materials. One approach is the usage of an optimized form of Ti6Al4V-precision casting for manufacturing. Besides the chemical and physical properties, it is necessary to investigate possible biological influences in order to test whether the new manufacturing process is equivalent to conventional methods. (2) Methods: Primary human osteoblasts were seeded on discs, which were produced by a novel Ti6Al4V centrifugal-casting process in comparison with standard machined discs of the same titanium alloy. In a second step, the surfaces were modified by calcium or phosphorus ion beam implantation. In vitro, we analyzed the effects on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic processes. (3) Results: SEM analysis of cells seeded on the surfaces showed no obvious differences between the reference material and the cast material with or without ion implantation. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) proliferation assay also did not reveal any significant differences. Additionally, the osteogenic differentiation process tested by quantitative polymerase chain reactions (PCR), Alizarin red S assay, and C-terminal collagen type I propeptide (CICP) Elisa was not significantly modified. No signs of induced apoptosis were observed. (4) Conclusions: In this study, we could show that the newly developed process of centrifugal casting generated a material with comparable surface features to standard machined Ti6Al4V material. In terms of biological impact on primary human osteoblasts, no significant differences were recognized. Additional Ca- or P-ion implantation did not improve or impair these characteristics in the dosages applied. These findings indicate that spin casting of Ti6Al4V may represent an interesting alternative to the production of geometrically complex orthopedic implants.
Highlights
Nowadays, there is high demand for cost-effective knee joint endoprosthesis in orthopedic arthroplasty
Before cutting the test specimen, each plate was checked for the existence of Alpha Case, a critical surface feature, which can develop during the cooling phase of the casting process due to the presence surface feature, which can develop during the cooling phase of the casting process due to the presence of oxygen
Case during the casting process is the preferred solution with respect to cost-effective part production
Summary
There is high demand for cost-effective knee joint endoprosthesis in orthopedic arthroplasty. The currently used respective Gold standard material for cemented endoprosthesis, Co28Cr6Mo, is in discussion in terms of biocompatibility and longevity because of its cobalt. Metals 2020, 10, 1681 endoprosthesis implantation, but fabrication of standard 3-dimensional structures for joint arthroplasty involves cost intensive of machining for blanks and milling machines to remove content. Ti6Al4V is the most frequentlyusage used titanium-alloy uncemented orthopedic endoprosthesis projecting titanium parts [1]. Of standard 3-dimensional structures for joint arthroplasty involves cost implantation, but fabrication. Titanium could achieveprojecting improvement in several intensive usage aofcost-effective machining blanks andcasting millingprocess machines to remove titanium parts ways. Cost-effective titanium casting process could achieve improvement in several cement in these cases based on superior features of osseointegration. Ti6Al4V is the most frequentlyusage used titanium-alloy uncemented orthopedic endoprosthesis projecting titanium parts [1]. of standard 3-dimensional structures for joint arthroplasty involves cost implantation, but fabrication
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