Effects of temperature and hydrogen peroxide on mycelial growth of eight Pleurotus strains

Abstract

Effective use of hydrogen peroxide as a chemical sterilant in mushroom production and selection of cultivable mushroom strains for tropical conditions require knowledge of the genetic diversity in the tolerance of the strains to hydrogen peroxide and to high temperatures. Therefore, three experiments were conducted to examine the sensitivity of Pleurotus mycelium to temperature and hydrogen peroxide. In Experiment 1, eight Pleurotus strains, which included two Pleurotus sajor-caju strains, three Pleurotus ostreatus strains, Pleurotus salmoneo stramineus, Pleurotus cornicopae and Pleurotus eryngii were cultured aseptically on agar at 25, 30 and or 35 °C. In Experiment 2, the eight strains were cultured aseptically on agar at six hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0–0.1%, v/v) at 27 °C. In Experiment 3, P. sajor-caju strain 1, a fast growing strain, was cultured non-asceptically at six hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0–0.1%, v/v) at 27 °C. In Experiment 1, mycelial growth was maximal at 25–30 °C, whereas a temperature of 35 °C was detrimental to mycelial growth except in one strain. At the highest temperature tested (35 °C), the relative mycelial growth rate (% of maximum) ranged from 6 to 91%, indicating marked differences in tolerance of the strains to high temperature. In Experiment 2, the mycelial growth rate in all strains increased when hydrogen peroxide was increased from 0 to 0.001% (v/v), and then decreased with further increments in hydrogen peroxide concentration. The strains differed markedly in sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide concentration associated with 50% reduction in maximum mycelial growth rate due to toxicity (EC 50) ranged from 0.009 to 0.045% (v/v). It was noted that P. sajor-caju strain 1 which was the most tolerant strain to high temperature was also the most tolerant to high hydrogen peroxide concentration. In Experiment 3, involving non-aseptic culture of P. sajor-caju strain 1, bacterial growth was observed at concentrations ≤0.016%, whilst the upper hydrogen peroxide concentration limit for fungal growth was 0.025% (v/v). The highest hydrogen peroxide concentrations 0.016% (v/v) and 0.025% (v/v) in which bacteria and fungi, respectively, were observed to grow were within the concentration range 0.009–0.028% (v/v) that was found in Experiment 2 to cause a 50% reduction in mycelia growth in six of the eight Pleurotus strains tested. Use of hydrogen peroxide as a chemical sterilant in conjunction with strains highly tolerant of its toxicity offers a very cheap method of producing spawn as well as the mushrooms, and opens up opportunities for poor rural people.