Abstract
To evaluate the effect of strength training on Olympic time-based sports (OTBS) time-trial performance and provide an estimate of the impact of type of strength training, age, training status, and training duration on OTBS time-trial performance. A search on 3 electronic databases was conducted. The analysis comprised 32 effects in 28 studies. Posttest time-trial performance of intervention and control group from each study was used to estimate the standardized magnitude of impact of strength training on OTBS time-trial performance. Strength training had a moderate positive effect on OTBS time-trial performance (effect size = 0.59, P < .01). Subgroup meta-analysis showed that heavy weighttraining (effect size = 0.30, P = .01) produced a significant effect, whereas other modes did not induce significant effects. Training status as factorial covariate was significant for well-trained athletes (effect size = 0.62, P = .04), but not for other training levels. Meta-regression analysis yielded nonsignificant relationship with age of the participants recruited (β = -0.04; 95% confidence interval, -0.08 to 0.004; P = .07) and training duration (β = -0.05; 95% confidence interval, -0.11 to 0.02; P = .15) as continuous covariates. Heavy weight training is an effective method for improving OTBS time-trial performance. Strength training has greatest impact on well-trained athletes regardless of age and training duration.
Highlights
To evaluate the effect of strength training on Olympic time-based sports (OTBS) time-trial performance and provide an estimate of the impact of type of strength training, age, training status, and training duration on OTBS time-trial performance
Some systematic reviews and only a few meta-analyses have provided partial evidence that strength training is beneficial to OTBS, such as endurance running,[15,16] cycling,[13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] competitive swimming,[14] and rowing.[18]
Studies were considered for review if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials, (2) available in English, (3) studies which included lime trial of an OTBS as performance measure, and (4) studies that included any modes of strength training
Summary
To evaluate the effect of strength training on Olympic time-based sports (OTBS) time-trial performance and provide an estimate of the impact of type of strength training, age, training status, and training duration on OTBS time-trial performance. There is no meta-analysis published in the literature with a metaanalysis consolidating the evidence gathered in all these OTBS, providing a wider and quantitative insight on the effects of strength training in performance Several factors such as age, training status, and duration of training can affect endurance performance and movement econ omy.[15,16-31] Meta-analysis by Allen and Hopkins[31] showed that there is a wide range of peak performance ages of elite athletes due to the differences in the attributes required for success in different sporting events. Denadai et al[16] showed that effects of strength training on running economy did not differ between runners of different training status Both studies did not report the impact of athletes’ age on the effects of strength training on endurance performance. There is currently no meta-analysis conducted to clarify the impact of these factors (age, training status, and duration of training program) on how strength training affects performance in other OTBS
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