Abstract
A. S. Kreger, J. Molgó, J. X. Comella, B. Hansson and S. Thesleff. Effects of stonefish ( Synanceia trachynis) venom on murine and frog neuromuscular junctions. Toxicon 31, 307–317, 1993.—The neuromuscular toxicity of stonefish ( Synanceia trachynis) venom was characterized by electrophysiological and electron microscopic examination of isolated murine and frog nerve-skeletal muscle preparations exposed to various concentrations of venom. Low concentrations of venom (2.5–10 μg/ml) acted presynaptically by causing release and depletion of neurotransmitter from the nerve terminal. The response was Na + channel-independent (resistant to tetrodotoxin), required the presence of either Ca 2+ or Mg 2+, and was observed with botulinum neurotoxin-paralyzed nerve-muscle preparations. Higher concentrations of venom (100–300 μg/ml) acted postsynaptically and presynaptically. They caused irreversible depolarization of muscle cells and microscopically observable muscle and nerve damage. We conclude that the previously observed neuromuscular toxicity of stonefish venom is a consequence of the venom's dose-dependent, presynaptic and postsynaptic actions at the myoneural junction.
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