Effects of Sinovac-Coronavac and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines on choroidal and retinal vascular system.

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of Sinovac-Coronavac and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines on choroidal and retinal vascular system using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In this prospective cross-sectional study, 63 healthy participants (29 with Pfizer-BioNTech, 34 with Sinovac-CoronaVac) were evaluated after the first dose of vaccination. Vessel density (VD) of the superficial (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC) were measured with OCTA. Choroidal thickness (CT) were measured with EDI-OCT. Measurements were performed at the 2nd week and the 4th week after vaccinations and compared to pre-vaccination values. Regarding Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination, CT in the subfoveal and nasal region significantly increased between the pre-vaccination and post-vaccination 2nd week and then significantly decreased to pre-vaccine values at 4th week. The SCP-VD (whole image, fovea, parafovea, perifovea temporal) variables showed a significant decrease at 2nd week. The DCP-VD inferior hemi, parafovea inferior hemi, parafovea inferior variables demonstrated a significant decrease at 2nd week. The perifovea DCP-VD variables also showed a significant decrease at 2nd week, and these variables returned to pre-vaccination values after 4 weeks. The CC-VD variables showed a significant decrease between pre-vaccine and 2nd week post-vaccination. Regarding the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccination, there was no statistically significant difference in CT and VD values before and after vaccination (p> 0.05). Our study showed significant alterations in retinal vascular density and CT for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine at the 2nd week, and these parameters became compatible with pre-vaccination values at the 4th week. In contrast, no differences were observed after the Sinovac-Coronovac vaccination.