Abstract
Roof shape and slope are both important parameters for the safety of a structure, especially when facing wind loads. The present study demonstrates the pressure variations due to wind load on the pyramidal roof of a square plan low-rise building with 15% wall openings through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation. Many studies on roofed structures have been performed in the past; however, a detailed review of the literature indicates that the majority of these studies focused on flat, hip, gable and spherical roofs only. There is a lack of research that analyses these effects on pyramidal roof buildings. ANSYS (Analysis System) ICEM (Integrated Computer Engineering and Manufacturing)-CFD and ANSYS Fluent commercial packages have been used for modelling and simulation, respectively, and ANSYS CFD Post was used to obtain the results. A realizable k–ε turbulent model was used for the pressure distribution on the roof of the building model. In the present study, twenty-four models with different roof slopes (α), i.e. 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°, with various wind incidence angles (ϴ), i.e. 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 75° were investigated. The influence of roof slope and wind incidence angle are analysed in this study. Results have been represented through pressure coefficient (Cp) contours on the roof surface and velocity streamlines of the flow field of the different cases. The optimization of the roof slope may be achieved by considering different wind incidence angles for buildings so that they may better withstand wind force in a specific area. When wind pressure coefficients from building models with openings were compared with pressure coefficients from building models without openings, it was found that the pressure coefficients for building models without openings are almost twice or three times that of the pressure coefficients for models with openings.
Highlights
From an aerodynamic engineering point of view, a pyramidal-shaped building has its own interesting characteristics
This paper presents the impacts of roof slope and wind direction on wind pressure distribution over pyramidal roof of low-rise buildings of square plan
Ansys Fluent was used to generate the results which were presented by the contours of pressure coefficients and graphs
Summary
From an aerodynamic engineering point of view, a pyramidal-shaped building has its own interesting characteristics. In spite of its specific features, very limited research work has been carried out in this specific area of wind load on pyramidal roof buildings (Roy et al 2018b; Roy et al 2018a). Maximum studies in this field are concerned with low-rise buildings with canopy roof (Roy 2010, a) gable roof, hip roof In a study of wind load on roof tiles, the vulnerability analysis indicated that the net wind uplift loading on tiles caused an increase in tile destruction rather than the external surface pressures (Li et al 2014). In old-fashioned roofing systems, high wind-induced suctions can cause major damage which can lead to subsequent rain intrusion and loss of interior substances (Mintz et al 2016)
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