Effects of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.)


 
 
 A pot experiment was carried out to check the impact of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of turnip, at Horticulture Departmental experimental area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, during 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in RCD with seven treatments replicated three times. Treatments contained control (no fertilizer added), FYM @ 25 t/hec, Poultry manure @ 10 t/hec, Goat manure @ 15 t/hec, Press mud @ 20 t/hec, Sewage sludge @ 20 t/hec and NPK @ 120-65-100 kg/hec. Data on leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight per plant (g), dry leaf weight per plant (g), root length (cm), root diameter (cm), fresh root weight per plant (g), dry root weight per plant (g), total biomass per plant (g), root yield per pot (g) and root yield (ton per ha) was recorded and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that all growth and yield parameters were significantly enhanced by the application of organic manures and NPK. Maximum values were recorded in NPK treated plants, as compared to all the treatments under studied, by producing 13.22 leaves per plant, 29.90 cm long leaf, fresh leaf weight per plant (52.83 g), dry leaf weight per plant (11.15 g), root length (7.07 cm), root diameter (7.23 cm), fresh root weight per plant (241.20 g), dry root weight per plant (22.25 g), total biomass per plant (313.37 g), root yield per pot (382.40 g) and 382.40 root yield (382.40 ton per hectare). It was also confirmed that poultry manure exhibited superiority as compared to other organic manures
 
 

Declining soil fertility and inappropriate fertilizer application greatly reduce crop yields. A study was carried out at the experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui, located in the agro-ecological zone III of Cameroon to assess the effects of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, nodulation and grain yield of soybean. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments (T1: control: no input, T2: 2.5 tons ha -1 poultry manure, T3: 200kg ha -1 NPK and T4:100kg ha -1 Urea). Experimental plots measuring 4m x 3m were laid out. Planting was done at a spacing of 50cm x 10cm (at the rate of 2 plants per stand) to maintain a plant population of 400,000 plants per hectare. All cultural practices were carried out from planting to harvesting. Data taken on plants included plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant, canopy spread per plant (cm), number of nodules per plant, number of efficient nodules per plant, nodule fresh and dry weights (g) per plant, number of pods per plant, pod fresh and dry weights (g) per plant, number of filled pods per plant and grain yield (tons ha -1 ). Analysis of Variance was carried out to find the differences between the various parameters and the LSD Fisher’s Test was used to compare the different treatments. The results of the experiment showed that the application of Poultry manure showed a more remarkable and significant (P˂0.05) increase in the growth, nodulation and yield of soybean. This was followed by the NPK fertilizer treatment which did not differ significantly (P˃0.05) from the control and urea treatments in terms of yield. This study confirms the role of poultry manure in improving soybean yield. From the results obtained, poultry manure may be recommended for increasing soybean yield in the study area. However, the application of NPK and Urea fertilizers can also increase soybean yield.

Beetroot cultivation is benefited from the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers such as compost or manure improve soil fertility, enhance nutrient availability, and promote microbial activity. Inorganic fertilizers provide precise nutrient ratios and are readily available for immediate plant uptake. Combining organic and inorganic fertilizers ensures a balanced nutrient supply, promoting healthy growth, improved yield, and nutrient-rich beetroot production. The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm (HRF), Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Rabi-2022 with a view to identify the best treatment combination that performed in the Prayagraj region. The treatments comprised of T1 (Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF)), T2 (75% (RDF) +25% (FYM)), T3 (75% (RDF) +25% (Vermicompost)), T4 (75% (RDF) +25% (Poultry Manure)), T5 (50% (RDF) + 50% (FYM)), T6 (50%(RDF) +50% (Vermicompost)), T7 (50%(RDF) +50% (Poultry Manure)), T8 (25% (RDF) + 75% (FYM)), T9 (25% (RDF) +75% (Vermicompost)), T10 (25% (RDF) +75% (Poultry Manure)), T11 (75% (RDF) + 12.5% (Poultry Manure) + 12.5% (Vermicompost)), T12 (50% (RDF) +25% (FYM) +25 % (Poultry Manure)) and T13 (25% (RDF)+ 50% (FYM)+ 25% (Vermicompost)). From the above experimental finding it is concluded that the treatment T11 (75% (RDF) + 12.5% (Poultry Manure) + 12.5% (Vermicompost)) was found to be best in the terms of growth and yield among different treatment combinations of Beet root.

The experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from August to December 2012 to study the effect of various combinations of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth, yield, chlorophyll and nutrient content of rice var. BRRI dhan33. The treatment consists of T1: 100% Inorganic fertilizer (Recommended dose) + 5 ton poultry manure (PM) /ha , T2: 75 % N of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T3: 50 % N of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T4: 25 % N of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T5: 75 % S of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T6: 50 % S of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T7: 25 % S of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T8: 100% Inorganic fertilizer and T9: 5 ton PM /ha. Significant variation was found in growth and yield parameters as well as in chlorophyll content and nutrient content of aman rice. The most of the growth parameters ( plant height, leaf length and diameter, leaf number and total tiller plant-1) results were found better in 100% Inorganic fertilizer + 5 ton PM ha-1 which was statistically similar with 75 % of recommended dose of S + 5 ton PM ha-1, 75 % of recommended dose of N + 5 ton PM ha-1and followed by 50 % of recommended dose of S + 5 ton PM ha-1,respectively while the lowest from 5 ton/ha PM treatment. On the other hand, significantly higher chlorophyll “a”, “b” and total chlorophyll content were recorded in 100% Inorganic fertilizer + 5 ton PM ha-1and it was closely followed by 75 % of recommended dose of N + 5 ton PM ha-1 and lowest in 5 ton PM ha-1. Number of effective tillers plant-1, panicle length, number of rachis plant-1, filled grain plant-1 and fresh weight of plant were highest in 100% Inorganic fertilizer + 5 ton PM /ha and it was either statistically similar or closely followed by 75 % of recommended dose of S + 5 ton PM ha-1. Higher grain yield (4.18 t ha-1) was recorded in T1 which was statistically similar with T5 (4.13 t ha-1) whereas lowest grain yield (3.67 t ha-1) was from sole PM. Similarly, N content in grain and N, K content in straw were also showed similar trend. S content in grain and P, S content in straw were higher in 75 % of recommended dose of S + 5 ton PM /ha compared to other fertilizer treatments. Lowest N and S content in grain and N, P, K, S content in straw were found from the treatment using poultry manure only.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 99-111

The effect of oil palm bunch ash, spent grain, poultry and turkey manures applied solely and their supplemented forms, as sources of fertilizer on soil fertility, leaf mineral composition and growth of bitter kola (Garnicia colae) seedlings was investigated at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The eight organic fertilizer treatments: spent grain, oil palm bunch ash, poultry manure, turkey manure, spent grain + poultry manure, spent grain + turkey manure, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure and oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure were applied at 40g per 10kg soil filled polybag (8t/ha dry weight) with a reference treatment 400kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer (2g per bag) and arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The supplemented or amended treatments were applied at a 50:50% by weight (20g each). The results showed that these organic fertilizers increased the growth parameters, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control treatment. The supplements of oil palm bunch ash and wood ash with poultry and turkey manures increased consistently the growth, soil and leaf mineral compared to their sole forms. Oil pal bunch ash + poultry manure increased the leaf N (52%), P (27%), K (44%), Ca (39%) and Mg (51%) compared to the sole application of poultry manure. When compared with NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer, the oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height (40%) leaf area (50%), stem girth (45%) number of leaves (53%), and fresh shoot weight (29%). For soil chemical composition, the oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the soil pH (28%), O.M. (92%), P (26.3%), Ca (99%), Mg (98%) and Na (93%) compared to the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer. However, the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer increased the soil K by 11% compared to the former. The high soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment led to an imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrient to bitter kola seedlings. In these experiments, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure applied at 8t/ha was most effective treatment in improving bitter kola growth parameters, soil and leaf mineral composition.

Industries play a significant role in the improvement of lifestyle and in the development of a country. However, the byproducts from these industries are a source of environmental pollution. The proper use of the byproducts of these industries can help to cope with environmental pollution. Some byproducts have high nutritional content and are good for crop plants. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of different rates of poultry manure on the soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. A pot experiment was conducted in the botanical garden of the Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan to investigate the effect of various treatments of poultry manure (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g/pot) on the morphological, physiological, and yield attributes of two maize varieties, Pearl and MMRI. Treatment T1 was a mixture of soil and 75 g/pot poultry manure, T2 was a mixture of soil and 50 g/pot poultry manure, T3 was a mixture of soil and 25 g/pot poultry manure, and T4 was 100 g/pot poultry manure. Soil without any industrial byproduct (100% soil only) was used as the control (T0). The results revealed that the use of poultry manure enhanced the physical properties of the soil. Available P and soil organic matter were improved in soil amended with poultry manure. It is evident from the results that the vegetative growth of both maize varieties was significantly enhanced by growing in soil amended with poultry manure as compared to their respective control. Similar responses were also recorded for the physiological attributes of leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency of both varieties. Yield and yield-contributing traits of both maize varieties were significantly improved by growing plants in soil amended with 50 and 75 g/pot of poultry manure. It is also inferred that the use of 50 g/pot poultry manure in soil amendment is an eco-friendly and economically effective option for maize growers of arid and semiarid regions to enhance the kernel yield and profit per annum. Poultry manure could be useful to ameliorate the adverse effects of salinity stress on all parameters, particularly the grain yield. Furthermore, this would be a useful and economical method for the safe disposal of byproducts.

Nutrient management is critical in increasing and sustaining rice yield. A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of inorganic fertilizer (IF), poultry manure (PM) and their combinations on rice yield and possible residual effects. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used and the trial was conducted on a Gleysol. In 2011 SPAD values for IF and PM/ IF combinations (except 2.0 t/ha PM + 22.5-15-15 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha) were significantly higher in the sixth week onwards than PM. Number of panicles/plant and number of panicles m2 were significantly higher for 90-60-60 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha and 2.0 t/ha PM + 22.5-15-15 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha than 6.0 and 4.0 t/ha PM resulting in significantly higher grain yield. Grain yield of IF was similar to grain yield of PM/IF combinations. In 2012 the residual effects showed a significantly higher SPAD value for the 6.0 t/ha PM. Also 6.0 t/ha PM, 4.0 t/ha PM and 4.0 t/ha PM + 30 kg N/ha had significantly high number of panicles/plant and number of panicles/m2 than IF. Residual effect of PM applied at 4.0 t/ha and above gave significantly higher grain yield than IF. Mean grain yield for the three years showed that 4.0 t/ha PM + 30 kg N/ha and 2.0 t/ha PM + 22.5-15-15 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha gave significantly higher yields than the other treatments. The results indicate that integrating IF and PM is a better option in increasing and sustaining rice production.

Poor soil fertility is a major cause of low yield of amaranth in Nigeria. Optimum productivity of the vegetable is also constrained by insect pests that cause reduction in yield and quality. Incorporation of effective microorganisms (EM) into organic matter is capable of positively influencing decomposition and mineralization. The present study assessed the effects of poultry manure treated and untreated with effective microorganisms on growth performance, yield and insect pest infestation on Amaranthus hybridus. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The treatments consist of poultry manure treated with effective microorganism activated solution (PM + EMAS), poultry manure only (PM), and the control (C). Data were collected on shoot height, stem girth, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, total fresh leaf weight and mean pest number. The results from this study shows that incorporation of effective microorganisms into poultry manure significantly increased shoot height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area and fresh leaf weight. A significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher fresh weight (36.85 kg) of A. hybridus was obtained in plots treated with PM+EMAS. This was followed by plots treated with PM only (25.08 kg). The control had a significantly least fresh weight of 14.21 kg. Six insect species from 4 orders and 5 families were encountered on A. hybridus during the study period. They include Zonocerus variegatus, Podagrica spp., Hymenia recurvalis, Nezara viridula, Psara bipunctalis and Sylepta derogata. Hymenia recurvalis was the most prevalent pest recorded in the control plot (16.4). Generally, fewer number of pest species were observed in plots treated with PM+EMAS. The use of effective microorganisms in organic farming is a viable tool for curbing the menace arising from the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Key words: Amaranthus hybridus, poultry manure, effective microorganisms, growth parameters, yield, pest infestation.

Nutrient uptake and pharmaceutical compounds of Aloe vera as influenced by integration of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure in soil

A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of poultry manure and sugarcane molasses on the growth and yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus) L.var. “Beeralu Rabu”. This experiment was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replications. Treatments were Recommended NPK inorganic fertilizers (T1), 10 t/ha Poultry manure, Half dosage of recommended NPK(T2), 10 t/ha Poultry manure ,1 t/ha Sugarcane molasses , Half dosage of recommended NPK(T3): 10 t/ha Poultry manure, 2 t/ha Sugarcane molasses ,Half dosage of recommended NPK(T4),10 t/ha Poultry manure, 3 t/ha Sugarcane molasses , Half dosage of recommended NPK (T5), 10 t/ha Poultry manure , 4 t/ha Sugarcane molasses , Half dosage of recommended NPK (T6).Results revealed that plants grown in 10 t/ha Poultry manure, 3 t/ha Sugarcane molasses , Half dosage of recommended NPK (T5) showed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) better performance in the measured growth parameters viz. Plant height (34.7cm), Number of Leaves , Diameter of the edible root (4.96 cm) , Fresh weight of the edible root (39.28 g), Chlorophyll content ,Fresh weight of shoot ( 19.85 g )and Dry weight of shoot (4.02 g) of the Radish plant while the lowest performance was observed in control (T1). Therefore, it could be concluded that 10 t/ha Poultry manure, 3 t/ha Sugarcane molasses, Half dosage of recommended NPK (T5) can be used to enhance the growth of Radish (Raphanus sativus) L.var. “Beeralu Rabu”

The importance of Nitraria scoberi in many arid and semi-arid biodiversity projects is undeniable. Improving the vegetative properties of this plant is critical to the success of these designs. The present study was designed to achieve the best chemical, biological and mechanical priming treatments to improve the vegetative traits. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design in both cultivating tray and seedling bags. Chemical treatments included salicylicacid and gibberellicacid. Biological treatments included Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Flavobacterium and Pseudomonu. The 24 kHz wavelength ultrasonic device was used. In cultivating tray, all traits except for germination percent and shoot length were significantly different. In seedling bag environment, seed Vigor Index, root length, Seedling growth, root fresh weight, Shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, leaf fresh weight , leaf dry weight, shoot diameter and number of leaves and root to shoot ratio showed significant difference; There were no significant difference between germination percent, shoot length and root dry weight. Maximum seed vigor index, root length and leaf dry weight in both of environment, and fresh weight of root and shoot, root dry weight, fresh weight and number of leaves in cultivating tray and in seedling bag root to shoot ratio, shoot diameter and seedling growth in salicylic acid treatment 2000 ppm was seen. Azospirillum increased root, shoot and leaf fresh weight, leaf number and shoot dry weight in seedling bag.

The experiment was carried out at the Field Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period of March, 2012 to July, 2012 to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and manure on the growth and yield of Tulsi and Pudina. There were six treatments consisting of control (No fertilizer and manures), cowdung, poultry manure, cowdung+ NPK fertilizer, poultry manure+ NPK fertilizer and Mixed fertilizer. All the treatment significantly influenced most of the growth and yield components of Tulsi and Pudina. The plant height, No. of branch/plant, No. of leaf/plant, Leaf length, 1000- fresh leaf weight and fresh yield were highest where cowdung was applied. All the above parameters were lowest where no manures were applied (control). From these results it was clear that cowdung was the best for soil quality and growth and yield of Tulsi and Pudina medicinal plant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22197 J. Environ. Sci. &amp; Natural Resources, 7(2): 13-16 2014

Okara has gained more importance in every community on the globe due to its nutritional value. This study examined the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield and of okra on the on farm level. Organic form of fertilizer used was poultry manure and while the inorganic was NPK fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design during the raining seasons of 2019. Four treatments with three replications were used. Treatments are arranged as control T1 (Without fertilizer + No Poultry Manure + No compost), T2 (NPK full dose (150 kg ha-1N, 75 kg ha-1P and 60 kg ha-1K), T3 (full dose of poultry manure (PM) 30 ton ha-1), T4 (50% NPK+50% Poultry Manure). Plants growth and yield parameters were determined like the total number of leaves per plant, plant height, the total number of fruits per plant, fruit yield and total yield increase. No significant increase was observed in the yield and growth of okra under control and full NPK fertilizer treatment. Application of poultry manure as well as its mixture with full NPK considerably increased the growth and total yield attributes of Okra. The joint use of 50% NPK+50% PM also showed the most significant effect on okra growth and yield of the crop.

&lt;p&gt;The response of soil structure to nutrient management may vary across environments. Poultry manure (PM) and/or inorganic fertilizers (IF) effects on soil pH, organic carbon (SOC), and hydraulic properties were assessed in derived savannah sandy-clay-loam Ultisols and rainforest sandy-loam Alfisols of Nigeria during 2013-2015. The Ultisols were inherently lower in soil pH and SOC than the Alfisols. Three PM rates (0, 5, and 10 t ha&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;), each with four NPK/Urea-based IF levels (0, 50, 100, and 150%), were applied in 2013 and 2014 but not in 2015. At crop (maize) maturity, treatment affected the Ultisols more distinctly than the Alfisols. Regardless of IF level, PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;5 &lt;/sub&gt;resulted in optimal soil pH (Ultisols) and hydraulic properties (Alfisols), respectively. Treatment PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;+IF&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; produced overall optimal effects in 2014 and 2015, being among the highest for SOC in the Ultisols (13.30 and 10.23 g kg&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively) and Alfisols (16.10 and 11.60 g kg&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively). Its substitutes for soil pH and hydraulic properties were PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;+IF&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (Ultisols) and PM&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;+IF&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (Alfisols). Unlike most PM-based treatments, sole IFs, especially PM&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;+IF&lt;sub&gt;150&lt;/sub&gt;, had pronounced soil-acidifying effects in the Ultisols. The SOC and permeability depended almost entirely on PM across IF levels. Soil pH and SOC were positively correlated with total porosity (Ultisols) and permeability (both soils), with &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.60-0.93 (Ultisols) and 0.42-0.66 (Alfisols). Effective PM+IF may not always outperform PM regarding soil pH/SOC, whose influence on soil hydraulic properties can be location-specific. This calls for pre-adoption validation of promising PM+IF options in new tropical agro-environments.&lt;/p&gt;

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). The present experiment was carried out during July to September 2023 in Departmental Research Field of Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), with seven treatments, replicated thrice with three varieties of Bottle Gourd. the treatments were T0 (Control (100% RDF)), T1 FYM (18 t/ha), T2 Vermicompost (1.25 t/ha), T3 Poultry manure (12.5 t/ha), T4 NPK (100%) + FYM (18 t/ha), T5 NPK (100%) + Vermicompost (1.25 t/ha), T6 NPK (100%) + Poultry manure (12.5 t/ha). From the present experimental findings it is found that the treatment T6 NPK (100%) + Poultry manure (12.5 t/ha) was found superior over other treatments in terms of growth, yield and quality of Bottle gourd. In thre varieties of Bottle gourd, variety WARAD CHECK VAREITY was found better with different treatments of organic and inorganic fertilizers, in terms of economics maximum gross and net return was recorded in treatment T6, but maximum cost benefit ratio was recorded in treatment T6and lowest readings was recorded in T0 (Control). Variety warad check vareity performed better with various treatments of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers, and T0 (Control) had the lowest readings across the board.