Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy in redox status, angiogenesis marker – vascular endothelial growth factor – and in the functional recovery in denervated muscle.Methods:A total of 32 female Wistar rats underwent a crush injury and were randomly divided into four groups: Light Emitting Diode Group 2 and Control Group 2 (muscle collected 2 days after injury), and Light Emitting Diode Group 21 and Control Group 21 (muscle collected 21 days afterinjury). Light Emitting Diode Group 2 and Light Emitting Diode Group 21 received two and ten light emitting diode applications (630±20nm, 9J/cm2, 300mW), respectively, and the Control Group 2 and Control Group 21 did not receive any treatment. The function was evaluated by grasping test at four moments (pre-injury, 2, 10 and 21 post-injury days). The flexor digitorum muscle was collected for analysis of immunolocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor and redox parameters.Results:Functional improvement was observed at the second and tenth post-injury day in treated groups compared to control (p<0.005). The muscle tissue of treated groups presented higher immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Photobiomodulation therapy decreased the oxidative damage to lipid in Light Emitting Diode Group 2 compared to Control Group 2 (p=0.023) in the denervated muscle.Conclusion:Photobiomodulation therapy accelerated the functional recovery, increased angiogenesis and reduced lipid peroxidation in the denervated muscle at 2 days after injury.
Highlights
The human peripheral nervous system responds to axonal injuries through the active regeneration; the treatment of injured peripheral nerves is far from being optimal.[1]
It can lead to delayed functional recovery of the peripheral nerve.[7]. Nerve tissues are sensitive to free radicals and appear to inhibit the antioxidant system when they are injured.[7]. Denervated muscle showed a significant increase in the mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide, associated to progressive loss of muscle mass of the tibialis anterior muscle, from 7 up to 21 days following denervation.[8]. Mitochondria in the denervated tibialis anterior muscle of mice showed increased peroxide generation by 3 days after transection.[9]. These authors attested the presence of recent denervation in aging muscle fibers increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by mitochondria of innervated fibers nearby and denervated fibers
Photobiomodulation therapy affects the redox state of injured muscle tissue, and increases the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in stressed cells,(11) enables nitric oxide (NO) photodissociation from cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria, and improves cell respiration and adenosine triphosphate production.[12]. In addition, PBMT decreases the production of ROS[4,11] that, despite playing an essential role in the redox signaling pathway necessary to enable important biological events, can damage molecules that are essential to several cell processes.[13]
Summary
To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy in redox status, angiogenesis marker – vascular endothelial growth factor – and in the functional recovery in denervated muscle. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation therapy accelerated the functional recovery, increased angiogenesis and reduced lipid peroxidation in the denervated muscle at 2 days after injury. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da terapia de fotobiomodulação no estado redox, no marcador de angiogênese – fator de crescimento endotelial vascular – e na recuperação funcional do músculo desnervado. O músculo flexor dos dedos foi coletado para análise dos parâmetros redox e da imunolocalização do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular. Conclusão: A terapia de fotobiomodulação acelerou a recuperação funcional, aumentou a angiogênese e reduziu a peroxidação lipídica no músculo desnervado 2 dias após a lesão. Descritores: Músculos; Lesões por esmagamento; Fototerapia; Estresse oxidativo; Fatores de crescimento do endotélio vascular; Força muscular; Ratos Wistar
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