Abstract
Background: Pharmacist-led clinical pathways/order sets (PLCOs) were first applied for designated diseases and surgical operations, such as cancer. They were not used in pharmacotherapy until recently. After screening a large number of publications, we found that PLCOs were rarely accessible. Objective: To evaluate the effects and the changes of relevant medical outcomes of PLCOs. Methods: Articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) were systematically retrieved. Clinical research comparing cancer patients’ clinical effects with or without clinical pathway/order sets was performed. Two reviewers performed quality assessment, and the data were abstracted independently. A narrative synthesis of the extracted data was performed due to heterogeneity. Results: Nine studies were identified, including six uncontrolled before–after studies and three case-series studies. The scopes of PLCOs of included research can be divided into two types, one focusing on chemotherapy agents and the other on the managements of chemotherapy-induced complications. The PLCOs shortened hospital length of stay, decreased initial antibiotic time intervals in patients with febrile neutropenia, reduced medication error incidence, and increased physicians’ adherence rate to clinical pathway/order sets. Moreover, three articles included economic effects showing positive savings on medication costs through PLCOs. Conclusion: PLCOs can have beneficial effects on medication effectiveness, safety, and economic outcomes. Nevertheless, clinical pathway/order sets need to be further optimized and expanded to other clinical areas.
Highlights
The concept of evidence-based pharmacy practice has been well recognized; there is poor adherence by both physicians and patients to the practice (Arts et al, 2016)
After screening a large number of publications, we found that Pharmacist-led clinical pathway/order sets (PLCOs) could be found rarely
The scope of Clinical pathways (CPs)/order sets of identified articles can be divided into two types, one focusing on chemotherapy agents (Ise et al (2003); Nerich et al (2013); Iwata et al (2015); Battis et al (2017); Mcbride et al (2018)) and the other on the managements of chemotherapy-induced complications (Berard and Mahoney, 1995; Best et al, 2011; Hanzelka et al, 2013; Vicente et al, 2016)
Summary
The concept of evidence-based pharmacy practice has been well recognized; there is poor adherence by both physicians and patients to the practice (Arts et al, 2016). It is worth mentioning that a similar concept of treatment algorithm (TA) came into prevalence in the U.S medical care system (DiGioia and Rubash, 1991; Green et al, 2019). These two concepts have differences and complementary areas of practice. Pharmacist-led clinical pathways/order sets (PLCOs) were first applied for designated diseases and surgical operations, such as cancer. They were not used in pharmacotherapy until recently. After screening a large number of publications, we found that PLCOs were rarely accessible
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