Effects of oral and intravenous dimethylglycine treatment on hematobiochemical profiles and total oxidant/antioxidant status in low-intensity exercised horses.

Background and Aim: The etiopathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is an ess­ential contributing factor to its morbidity, which cannot be explained entirely so far. The current study aimed to determine the oxidative stress (OS) status by comparing the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values in patients with pediatric prelingual profound SNHL. We also evaluated the correlation between OS parameters and audiological test results. Methods: The study included 25 participants (9 females; age range: 6‒34 months) diagnosed with pediatric prelingual profound SNHL and 25 healthy subjects (10 females; age range: 9‒28 months). Their TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were measured in the plasma of both groups. We evaluated the correlation between OS para­meters and audiological test results in the pati­ent group. Results: We found significantly higher serum TOS levels and OSI values in the patient group (mean ± SD of TOS: 16.08 ± 1.88 μmol H2O2 eq/L, p < 0.001; mean ± SD of OSI: 1.71 ± 0.48 arbitrary units, p < 0.001), compared to the controls. Moreover, we found lower serum TAS levels in the patient group (mean ± SD of TAS: 0.99 ± 0.20 mmol Trolox eq/L), compared to the controls. There was a strong correlation between OS parameters and audiological test results of the patient group. Conclusion: We detected significantly higher TOS, OSI, and lower TAS levels in pediatric patients with SNHL, compared to the healthy subjects. The obtained data indicated that pediatric SNHL is under OS influence.

In this study we aim to evaluate the relationship of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total thiol, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) levels and oxidative stress index (OSI) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A total of 28 patients with NASH and 19 age-and-gender-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study as control group. Plasma AOPP and thiol levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Plasma TAS and TOS levels were measured using commercially available kits and OSI was calculated. Plasma AOPP (256.7 vs. 125.8 μmol/L) and TOS levels (8.9 vs. 5.9 μmol H2O2 equiv/L) were higher in patients with NASH than the controls (p<0.019 and p<0.041 respectively). Plasma total thiol levels (235.0 vs. 291.6 μmol/L) were lower in patients with NASH than the controls (p<0.001). TAS levels (1.14 vs. 1.14 mmol Trolox equiv/L) were not significantly different in patients with NASH than the controls (p>0.900). OSI values (8.0 vs. 5.5) were higher in patients with NASH than the controls (p<0.039). Our findings indicate that oxidative stress increases in patients with NASH as shown by increases in TOS level. We think effective antioxidant therapy to inhibit protein oxidation and also to increase of TAS and total thiol levels may be a therapeutic option in patients with NASH who have under increased oxidative stress.

IntroductionIncreased oxidative stress (OXS) and a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders are seen in alopecia areata (AA). However, OXS and psychiatric disorders have been studied separately in AA patients.AimTo determine the effects of anxiety and depression symptoms on OXS in AA patients.Material and methodsThe anxiety and depression levels of 33 AA patients and 33 normal controls (NC) were determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by measuring serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in AA patients and NC.ResultsThe AA patients had higher anxiety and depression scores than NC (p < 0.001 for both). Total oxidant status (p = 0.002) and OSI (p < 0.001) values were higher, and TAS (p < 0.001) levels were lower, in patients with AA compared to NC. However, patients’ anxiety and depression scores were not correlated with the TAS, TOS, or OSI values (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in TAS, TOS, or OSI values between patients with high and low anxiety or depression scores (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThese results show that OXS, anxiety, and depression scores were higher in patients with AA compared to NC. However, anxiety and depression scores were not associated with OXS in AA patients. More extensive studies should be performed to investigate the relationship between psychological status and OXS in patients with AA.

Volleyball is briefly described as an "interval" sport with both aerobic and anaerobic components. Exercise may influence antioxidant/prooxidant balance, which leads to differences in oxidative stress status between athletes in different sport disciplines, but the results of the previous studies are inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to determine the acute effects of exercise on oxidative stress parameters such as serum total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in volleyball players. Thirteen male volleyball players from the same team participated in this study. The volleyball game lasted approximately 95 minutes including warm-up and cool-down periods. Blood samples were taken before the warm-up and after the cool down. Serum TOS and TAS levels were measured. Oxidative stress index (OSI), a predictor of antioxidant/prooxidant balance (TOS/TAS), was also calculated. The following data were revealed as median: TOS 6.84 μmol H2O2 Eq/L (95% CI: 5.80-8.13) and 5.15 (95% CI: 4.20-6.02); TAS 1.96 mmol Trolox Eq/L (95% CI: 1.91-2.08) and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.86-2.00); and OSI indexes, 3.31 (arbitrary unit) (95% CI: 2.84-4.00) and 2.64 (95% CI: 2.26-3.18) before and after the match with respectively. Serum TOS and OSI levels were significantly lower after volleyball match when compared to before (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum TAS levels (P>0.05). In individuals who exercise active sports, TOS level has been found to be decreased while TAS level has not been affected significantly after volleyball match. Our results suggested that volleyball training may not cause oxidative stress in these players. Regular physical exercise especially, volleyball training may provide adequate protection against exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Background and Aims Contrast Nephropathy (KN) is acute kidney injury that occurs after exposure to contrast material. Advanced age, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, anemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia have been reported in the literature to increase the risk of KN development. In addition, oxygen radicals have an important place in the pathogenesis of contrast nephropathy development. Specific biomarkers are used in clinics to determine oxidative stress and antioxidant status. In particular, measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) can provide useful information about an individual's overall serum antioxidative status. The ratio of TOS to TAS level gives the oxidative stress index (OSI). One of the most investigated metabolites for DNA damage is 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), which is accepted as a biomarker of oxidative damage to DNA. In our study, we planned to investigate DNA damage and important predisposing factors for contrast nephropathy using oxidative stress markers. Method Between February 2021 and April 2022, blood was taken from 191 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) by the Cardiology Department at ESOGU before CAG and at 72 hours after CAG. Patients who met the criteria for contrast nephropathy development (those with a serum creatinine increase of 25% or more compared to baseline or an increase of 0.5 mg/dl or more) were included as the case group in our study. Our study is a prospective study consisting of 85 cases and 106 controls, totaling 191 participants. TAS, TOS, OSI, and 8-OhDG levels were compared between both groups and before-after procedure. This study was supported by ESOGU BAP project number 1621. Results The mean age of the developing group was calculated as 68.13 ± 10.37, while it was calculated as 61.03 ± 9.97 in the control group (p = 0.00). In the case group, there were 30 (35.3%) without heart failure, while there were 75 (70.8%) without heart failure in the control group (p = 0.00). In univariate analyzes, we found that advanced age and heart failure were the most important indicators for KMN. When we compared those with and without KMN, we saw that TOS values decreased less in the group with post-angiography nephropathy than in those without it. We found a positive correlation between uric acid and TAS. In the KMN group, it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in TAS value after CAG, while there was a decrease in OSI value, and no statistically significant difference was found for TOS and 8-OhDG. In patients who underwent percutaneous intervention, it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in TAS value after CAG, while TOS and OSI decreased, and no significant difference was found for 8-OhDG. Conclusion Although previous studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in contrast nephropathy pathogenesis, a strong relationship between KMN development and oxidative stress could not be found in our study. Our study is the first study to examine DNA damage with 8-OhDG in KMN, and it has been shown that there is no increase in DNA damage with KMN development. It is thought that one of the reasons leading to this result may be that contrast agents used today are selected as less toxic substances used in less volumes during processing, which may prevent DNA damage from occurring. Another result reached in our study is that TAS level increased in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention, while TOS and OSI decreased; that is, revascularization can reduce TOS and ultimately oxidative status.”

The aim of this study was to investigate the change in nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (Nrf2), which plays a critical role in cytoprotection against oxidative stress, in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection positivity, and to evaluate the relationship between Nrf2 and oxidative balance. The study included 40 children with confirmed COVID‐19 infection and 35 healthy children. The groups were compared in respect of Nrf2, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI), in addition to clinical findings of fever, cough, shortness of breath, contact history, and demographic data of age and gender. The mean Nrf2 values and TAS levels were determined to be statistically significantly low (p < 0.001) and the TOS level and OSI were statistically significantly high in the children with COVID‐19 compared to the control group. A significant positive correlation was determined between Nrf2 and TAS (p < 0.01); as the Nrf2 value increased, so the TAS value increased. A significant negative correlation was determined between Nrf2 and TOS and OSI (p < 0.01); as the Nrf2 value increased, there was determined to be a significant decrease in the TOS and OSI values. COVID‐19 infection in pediatric patients causes a decrease in the Nrf2 level. By causing a decrease in the TAS level and an increase in the TOS and OSI levels, the decrease in Nrf2 may explain the tissue damage which can be caused by COVID‐19.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the oxidative stress and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels in children with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) compared to healthy controls, and to examine the association of demographical with oxidative stress. Subjects and Methods: Forty children diagnosed with pulmonary TB and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and PON1 levels were measured. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated to indicate the degree of oxidative stress. Results: The TAS levels were lower (1.73 ± 0.5 vs. 2.54 ± 1.2 μmol Trolox Eq/l) while TOS levels were significantly higher (26.9 ± 14.4 vs. 13.4 ± 7.7 μmol H₂O₂ Eq/l) in the TB group than in the controls (p < 0.001). The OSI was significantly higher in the TB group than in the controls (21.2 ± 5.1 vs. 6.5 ± 4.9 units, p = 0.006). Serum PON1 levels were significantly lower in the TB group than in the controls (14.2 ± 13.2 vs. 28.4 ± 17.3 U/l, p < 0.001). The lower PON1 levels correlated with TAS and OSI levels but not with anthropometric parameters (r = 0.264, p = 0.018 and r = -0.255, p = 0.023, respectively). Conclusion: The TOS and OSI levels were higher and the TAS and PON1 levels were lower in pediatric patients with pulmonary TB when compared to healthy controls. This indicates greater oxidative stress in the patients.

BackgroundThe induction of the pneumoperitoneum increases intraabdominal pressure (IAP), causing splanchnic ischemia, whereas its deflation normalizes IAP and splanchnic blood flow. We investigated the oxidant-antioxidant status of dogs who underwent low pressure (7 mm Hg), standard pressure (12 mm Hg), and high pressure (15 mm Hg) pneumoperitoneum.ResultsTwenty-four beagle dogs (12 males and 12 females), 4–6 years old, weighing 8–11 kg were used. The animals were assigned to one of four groups (n = 6 dogs). Group 1 served as a control; these animals received only anaesthesia for 90 min. In groups 2, 3 and 4, intra-abdominal pressure was increased to 7, 12 and 15 mmHg, respectively, and maintained for 60 min. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in venous blood samples. The percentage ratio of TOS to TAS provided an oxidative stress index (OSI).No significant difference in TOS levels was found among the groups. A significant decrease in TAS levels and an increase in OSI levels were observed at 90 min and 24 h of pneumoperitoneum deflation within group 4. No differences were found among the groups.ConclusionsA high pressure pneumoperitoneum induced significant changes in TAS and OSI. In addition, TOS and TAS levels are useful markers for evaluating changes in the oxidative status caused by a pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy. Furthermore, a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum could attenuate oxidative stress induced by CO2 insufflation in dogs.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder that is prevalent and can have major health consequences. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether oxidative stress is induced in OSA patients. It was further aimed to assess effectiveness of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on decreasing total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in OSA patients. This study included 70 patients with sleep disorders. Considering the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score confirmed by polysomnography, the subjects were divided into two groups as OSA patients (n = 35) and control group including patients with simple snoring problem (n = 35). OSA patients received a CPAP therapy for one month. Blood samples were collected from both groups of patients to measure TAS and TOS levels before and after the CPAP therapy. TAS and TOS levels were significantly higher (p &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas minimum oxygen saturation (minSpO2) and mean oxygen saturation (meanSpO2) were significantly lower in the OSA patients in comparison to those in the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between AHI and TAS levels as well as between AHI and TOS levels. Moreover, positive correlations were found between TAS and average stress index (OSI), TOS and OSI, as well as between minSpO2 and meanSpO2. In contrast, negative correlations were observed between AHI and minSpO2 and meanSpO2, and between TAS and OSI, minSpO2 and meanSpO2. One month of CPAP therapy in OSA patients caused a decrease in TAS and TOS levels, and an increase in OSI, minSpO2 and meanSpO2 values (p &amp;lt; 0.001). According to the current study, OSA patients have elevated oxidative stress. One month of CPAP therapy seems to have a positive impact on the antioxidant status remarkably, and led to improvement in oxidative stress.

The correlation of the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and paraoxonase activity (PON1) with smoking

The polymeal: A natural, safer and probably tastier strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease (journal scan)

Paraoxonase and arylesterase activity and total oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with chronic adenotonsillitis

Aim To determine the effects of lycopene treatment in prevention of diabetes associated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in an experimental model. With this aim we investigated the levels of oxidative stress markers including Malondialdehyde (MDA), and total oxidative status (TOS)together with inflammatory markers including nuclear factor- kappa B (NFKB) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and antioxidants including total glutathione (TGSH), total oxidative status (TOS) and total anti-oxidative status (TAS) levels on eye tissue. Material and methods Totally 18 albino Wistar male rats (250–280 grams) assigned into three groups, with six rats in each group as follows: healthy group (HG), control group (CG), and lycopene group (LG). The diabetes was induced with alloxan administration in rats of CG and LG. Lycopene (4 mg/kg) was administered to the rats in LG once a day for 3 months. At the end of this period, the animals were sacrificed and their eyes were enucleated for histopathological evaluations. From the tissues, MDA, GSH, TOS, TAS, TNF-α and NF-κB levels were analyzed. Results MDA, TOS, OSI, NFKB and TNF-α levels were significantly higher, while TGSH and TAS levels were significantly lower in CG compared with HG (p < 0.001). On the other hand in LG; MDA, TOS, OSI, NFKB and TNF-α levels were significantly lower, while TGSH and TAS levels were significantly higher compared with CG (p < 0.001). Regarding histopathological findings, although there was severe damage on optic nerve of rats in CG; there was only a slight damage in lycopene administered group. Conclusion For the first time in literature we determined that, lycopene was significantly effective in prevention of augmented inflammation and oxidative stress on eye tissue associated with diabetes, as well as the tissue damage on optic nerve. However, studies investigating the long-term clinical effects of lycopene on diabetic individuals are warranted.

Total Oxidant Status, Total Antioxidant Status, and Paraoxonase and Arylesterase Activities during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Purpose: The exact etiopathogenesis of steroid-induced cataracts (SIC) is not known. Although oxidative stress is one of the most acceptable hypotheses, the exact molecular events in steroid-induced oxidative events in the lens need to be clarified. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the innate immune system components in SIC formation have not been studied previously. The aim of the present study was to study the oxidative system and the innate immune system components in the cataractous lenses of a developing chick embryo SIC model.Materials and methods: The study included 20 specific pathogen-free (SPF) fertilized eggs divided into two groups, with one hydrocortisone (HC)-treated group (G1) and one non-HC-treated control group (G2). On the 15th day of incubation, the SPF eggs in the two groups were removed from the incubator; HC was injected into G1, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into G2 using insulin injectors into the chorioallantoic membrane. On day 17, all of the chick embryos were removed from the eggs, and all lens and liver tissues were dissected from the embryos. Cataract formation was evaluated in all lenses, and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were measured in all lens and liver tissues.Results: The lenses in the SIC group had lower levels of GSH, GSSG, TAS, and IL-6 (p = 0.016, 0.022, 0.000, 0.000, respectively), and higher levels of TOS (p = 0.000) than the control group. Furthermore, the liver tissues in the SIC group had decreased levels of TAS and IL-6, and increased levels of TOS compared to the control tissues (p = 0.000). Although the IL-1β levels in the lens and liver tissues in the HC-induced cataract group were lower than in the control group, these differences were not statistically significant. In addition, the GSH levels in the liver tissues did not statistically differ between the two groups despite the significant GSH difference in the lens tissues.Conclusions: Steroid therapy causes a decrease in GSH, GSSG, and TAS levels and an increase in TOS levels in lens tissues, which means there is increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence. Furthermore, lenses with SIC have lower IL-6 levels compared to non-cataractous lenses. The interaction between lenticular IL-6 and antioxidant defence needs to be further studied.