Abstract
Two by-products containing phenols and polysaccharides, a “pâté” (OP) from the extra virgin olive oil milling process and a decoction of pomegranate mesocarp (PM), were investigated for their effects on human microbiota using the SHIME® system. The ability of these products to modulate the microbial community was studied simulating a daily intake for nine days. Microbial functionality, investigated in terms of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and NH4+, was stable during the treatment. A significant increase in Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae at nine days was induced by OP mainly in the proximal tract. Polyphenol metabolism indicated the formation of tyrosol from OP mainly in the distal tract, while urolithins C and A were produced from PM, identifying the human donor as a metabotype A. The results confirm the SHIME® system as a suitable in vitro tool to preliminarily investigate interactions between complex botanicals and human microbiota before undertaking more challenging human studies.
Highlights
In 2011, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations reported that “one-third of the edible parts of food produced for human consumption gets lost or wasted globally, which is about 1.3 billion tons per year”
The experiments were performed to investigate the mutual effects between the microbial community and the two samples that can be proposed as new functional ingredients in food formulation
The final aim of this study is to demonstrate that a possible use of olive pâté (OP) and pomegranate mesocarp (PM) as new food ingredients is without risks for human microbiota
Summary
In 2011, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations reported that “one-third of the edible parts of food produced for human consumption gets lost or wasted globally, which is about 1.3 billion tons per year”. Interest in food waste valorization and reuse has grown dramatically and more and more often these materials are more correctly defined as by-products. Different strategies have been proposed to manage wastewaters and pomaces derived from milling processes to reduce their negative effects, and to recover the bioactive phenols [2,3,4,5]. It has Molecules 2019, 24, 3791; doi:10.3390/molecules24203791 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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