Effects of mothers suffering from disease in pregnancy on preterm infants

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effects of mothers suffering from disease on the preterm infants. Methods One hundred and eighty-seven premature neonates in accordance with inclusion criteria, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital from January to December 2012, were chosen as study samples.The preterm infants were divided into 2 groups: mothers with pregnancy disease group(observation group) and mothers without pregnancy disease group(control group). Then the general condition, causes of preterm birth as well as complications of preterm infants in the 2 groups were compared.In addition, the main types of pregnancy diseases of mothers were also analyzed. Results The incidence of caesarean section delivery[71.8%(84/117 cases) vs 52.9%(37/70 cases)] and fetal distress[9.4%(11/117 cases) vs 1.4%(1/70 cases)] were higher in the observation group, the differences were statistically significant(χ2=6.878, P<0.01; χ2=5.246, P<0.05). However, the proportion of infants appropriate for gestational age in the observation group was less[76.0%(89/117 cases) vs 88.6%(62/70 cases), χ2=4.404, P<0.05]. Chronic hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes and diabetes were the main types of pregnancy diseases of the mothers with preterm infants, accounting for 49.6%(58/117 cases), 23.0%(27/17 cases), 38.5%(45/117 cases) and 14.5%(17/117 cases), respectively.The ratio of premature birth due to pregnancy diseases was 51.3%(60/117 cases) in the observation group, significantly higher than other causes.While compared with control group, the incidence of premature rupture of the fetal membrane was lower in the observation group[18.80%(22/117 cases) vs 47.10%(33/70 cases), χ2=16.94, P<0.01]. Compared with the control group, the incidence of neonatal asphyxia[13.70%(16/117 cases) vs 2.90%(2/70 cases), χ2=5.892, P<0.05] and hypoglycemia[17.10%(20/117 cases) vs 4.30%(3/70 cases), χ2=6.661, P<0.05] were higher in the observation group, but the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was lower[6.80%(8/117 cases) vs 17.10%(12/70 cases), χ2=4.87, P<0.05]. Conclusions Hypertension and diabetes are the main types of pregnancy diseases of mothers with premature offsprings.Mothers suffering from pregnancy diseases can affect the fetus intrauterine growth.At the same time, it also increases the possibility of perinatal hypoxia, hypoglycemia and cesarean section. Key words: Caesarean section; Perinatal hypoxia; Pregnancy; Preterm infant