Effects of metabolites of Streptomyces griseus BD2232 on seed germination and seedling growth of three tree species

제2형 당뇨 동물모델(C57BL/KsJ-db/db)을 대상으로 대두 이소플라본의 주성분인 genistein과 daidzein의 항산화효능을 검증하고자 5주령의 수컷 C57BL/KsJ-db/db 마우스와 그의 이형접합체인 C57BL/KsJ-db/+ 마우스를 2주간 환경에 적응시킨 후 비당뇨군(db/+), 당뇨대조군(db/db), genistein 급여군(db/db-genistein), daidzein 급여군(db/dbdaidzein)으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였다. 실험동물의 간, 부고환지방과 신주변지방의 조직무게는 당뇨군(db/db)이 비당뇨군(db/+)에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나, 심장무게는 유의적으로 낮았다. Genistein과 daidzein 급여는 장기무게 변화에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 적혈구의 SOD와 CAT활성은 혈당과 양의 상관성을 보였으나 GSH-Px활성은 음의 상관성을 나타내었다. 따라서 SOD와 CAT활성은 db/db군이 db/+군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 반면, GSH-Px 활성은 유의적으로 낮았다. Genistein과 daidzein 급여로 db/db군의 증가된 CAT활성은 감소되었으며 GSH-Px활성은 높게 나타났다. 적혈구의 GSH함량은 당뇨군들이 비당뇨군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나 genistein과 daidzein에 의한 영향은 관찰되지 않았다. 간, 신장 및 심장조직 내 SOD활성은 유의적인 변화가 없었으나 간조직 중 CAT와 GSH-Px활성과 신장조직 중의 GSH-Px활성은 db/db군이 db/+군에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타난 반면 신장조직 중의 CAT활성과 심장조직 중의 CAT와 GSH-Px활성은 낮았다. 그러나 genistein과 daidzein 급여는 고혈당으로 인한 조직 내 CAT와 GSH- Px활성을 유의적으로 개선하였다. 적혈구를 비롯하여 모든 조직 내 지질과산화물 함량은 db/db군이 db/+군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으나 genistein과 daidzein 급여로 간, 신장과 심장조직 중의 지질과산화물 생성이 유의적으로 억제되었다. 이와 같이 genistein과 daidzein은 제2형 당뇨동물에서 고혈당으로 야기되는 적혈구와 조직 내 항산화효소 변화를 완화하고 간, 신장 및 심장조직의 지질과산화물을 낮추는 것으로 관찰됨으로써 이들의 항산화작용을 통한 당뇨 합병증을 예방할 것으로 사료된다.

Activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid and the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia in rat

Activities of antioxidant seminal plasma enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX and GSR) are higher in jackasses than in stallions and are correlated with sperm motility in jackasses

We aimed to investigate the effect of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) pathway on the biological function of trophoblast cells in oxidative stress model at the cellular level, and analyzed the expression level and clinical significance of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and related antioxidant factors in placental tissues of Preeclampsia (PE) patients at clinical level. In present study, we found that under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions, the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes (CAT, GSH-Px, SOD) in HTR8/SVneo cells was significantly lower than that before treatment (P < .01). The activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD in HTR8/SVneo cells in SiRNA+H/R group decreased significantly (P < .01), indicating the important defense effect of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in oxidative stress. As a control group of Nrf2 SiRNA+H/R group, Si-NC+H/R group had CAT, GSH-Px and SOD activities decreasing, which was similar to that in H/R group. Moreover, the activities of oxidative stress-related active enzymes in patients with PE were further confirmed by detecting and comparing the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD in placental tissues. The results showed that the activity of SOD (P < .001), GSH-Px (P < .01) and CAT (P < .01) in placental tissues of patients with PE were significant different from those of normal placental tissues. The expression level of Keap1 in placenta of patients with PE was slightly lower than that of normal placenta. While the expression of Nrf2 in placenta of patients with PE was significantly higher than that of normal placenta. HO-1 expression in placenta of patients with PE was significantly higher than that of normal placenta. These results implicate the importance of Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway in PE.

The risk of serious side-effects such as nephrotoxicity is the principal limitation of gentamicin (GEN) therapeutic efficacy. Oxidative stress is considered to be an important mediator of GEN-induced nephrotoxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of melatonin (MT) plus atorvastatin (ATO) against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. We utilized 30 male Wistar albino rats allocated in 5 groups, each containing 6 rats: control, GEN (100 mg/kg/day), ATO (10 mg/kg/day) + GEN, MT (20 mg/kg/day) + GEN, and ATO (10 mg/kg/day) plus MT (20 mg/kg/day) + GEN. Kidney weight, serum creatinine and urea concentration, renal ROS, MDA, GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activity were determined. GEN-induced nephrotoxicity was evidenced by marked elevations in serum urea and creatinine, kidney weight, renal ROS, and MDA levels and reduction in renal GSH level, SOD and CAT activity. MT pretreatment significantly lowered the elevated serum creatinine concentration, kidney weight, renal ROS and MDA levels. However ATO could not reduce these parameters, but similarly to MT, it was able to enhance the renal GSH level, CAT and SOD activity. In addition, a combination therapy of MT plus ATO enhanced the beneficial effects of ATO, while not changing the effects of MT effects or even improving them. The present study indicates that a combination therapy of MT plus ATO can attenuate renal injury in rats treated with GEN, possibly by reducing oxidative stress, and it seems that MT can enhance the beneficial effects of ATO.

It is of great significance to popularize and apply nanotechnology in forest plantations for the high-quality development of such areas. Camphor trees have good ecological and environmental benefits and are economic, which makes them worthy of widespread popularization and promotion. In this paper, we successfully synthesized bulk and rod-like TiO2 powder and used it to study the influence of camphor seed germination and seedling growth. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index activity index of camphorwood seed during germination were measured by TiO2 solution with different morphology. Meanwhile, the fresh weight, root length and seedling height of seedlings, as well as the activities of CAT, SOD and POD and MDA content in the seedlings were measured in detail. The difference in the promoting effect between bulk and rod TiO2 powder was compared. The possible reasons are also explained. The results showed that bulk and rod-like TiO2 solution improved the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and increased the resilience of camphor seedlings. Moreover, the rod-like TiO2 solution has a stronger osmotic effect on seed, and has a better effect on promoting seed germination and seedling growth. The study on the influence of nano-TiO2 concentration also further showed that the treatment of nano-TiO2 solution with appropriate concentration could effectively promote seed germination and seedling growth, and enhance its adoptability to adversity; but excessive concentration will bring some side effects, which was not conducive to seed germination and seedling growth. In general, the results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the practical application of nanotechnology in camphor seedling and afforestation production.

Alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc), so-called vitamin E, is a low molecular weight lipophilic antioxidant that generally protects plants from stress-induced cellular oxidation. It is well known that exogenously applied α-Toc is effective in improving plant growth and developmental processes under adverse environmental conditions. The current study was performed to determine the best concentration of α-Toc [0 (no spray), 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1] that could improve the biological yield and chemical constituents of fresh green pods of mung bean (Vigna radiata) and hence their quality under varying water regimes. Foliar spray of α-Toc significantly improved total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a and b, total soluble sugars, proline, phenolics, total free amino acids, nonreducing sugars, and activities of SOD, POD, and CAT under water stress conditions. However, no prominent change was observed in reducing sugars and biological yield due to externally applied α-Toc in either mung bean cultivar subjected to either water regime. Both mung bean cultivars (Cyclone 7008 and Cyclone 8009) showed similar behavior in chlorophyll a and b, while cv. Cyclone 7008 was superior with respect to the concentrations of total soluble sugars and total free amino acids, whereas Cyclone 8009 was better in activities of CAT, SOD, and POD. Overall, externally applied 200 and 300 mg L-1 α-Toc considerably enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT), chlorophyll a and b, proline, and total phenolic contents in both mung bean cultivars.

A catalase‐deficient mutant (RPr 79/4) and the wild‐type (cv. Maris Mink) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) counterpart, were grown for 3 weeks in high CO2 (0.7%) and then transferred to air and ozone (120 nl 1−1) in the light and shade for a period of 4 days. Leaves and roots were analysed for catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities. CAT activity in the leaves of the RPr 79/4 catalase‐deficient mutant was around 5‐10% of that determined in Maris Mink, but in the roots, both genotypes contained approximately the same levels of activity. CAT activity in Maris Mink increased in the leaves after transferring plants from 0.7% CO2 to air or ozone, reaching a maximum of 5‐fold, after 4 days in shade and ozone. For the catalase‐deficient mutant, only small increases in CAT activity were observed in light/air and light/ozone treatments. In the roots, CAT activity decreased consistently in both genotypes, after plants were transferred from 0.7% CO2. The total soluble SOD activity in the leaves and roots of both genotypes increased after plants were transferred from 0.7% CO2. The analysis of SOD isolated from leaves following non‐denaturing PAGE, revealed the presence of up to eight SOD isoenzymes classified as Mn‐SOD or Cu/Zn‐SODs; Fe‐SOD was not detected. Significant changes in Mn‐ and Cu/Zn‐SOD isoenzymes were observed; however, they could not account for the increase in total SOD activity.In leaves, GR activity also increased in Maris Mink and RPr 79/4, following transfer from 0.7% CO2; however, no constant pattern could be established, while in roots, GR activity was reduced after 4 days of the treatments.The data suggest that elevated CO2 decreases oxidative stress in barley leaves and that soluble CAT and SOD activities increased rapidly after plants were transferred from elevated CO2, irrespective of the treatment (light, shade, air or ozone).

The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Reactive Oxyradical Scavenging System of Tomato Under Salt Tolerance

In this study we aimed to compare some antioxidative responses of shoots and roots associated to growth reduction in Lens culinaris in the absence (control) and presence of different NaCl concentrations (50-400 mM). Growth parameters (dry-fresh weight) Na + contents, LPO levels, proline, H2O2 contents, membrane damage and activities of SOD, APX, CAT and GPX was investigated in roots and shoots. Compared with controls, 100-400 mM NaCl treatment resulted in a reduction in roots and shoots weight, total chlorophyll and carotenoid in leaves. On contrary, LPO levels, H2O2 and Na + contents, proline levels, electrolytic leakage exhibited a dose dependent increase in both tissues. These increases were significantly higher in roots as compared to shoots. Our results and literature data suggest that the accumulation H2O2 and Na + plays an important role in regulating growth. The effect of salinity on antioxidant enzyme activities was similar trends in both tissues. Salt stress caused an increase on the activity of SOD and GPX in roots and shoots, while the activities of CAT and APX was inhibited. A higher Na

Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) may help to reduce the toxicity of heavy metals on plants growing in polluted soils. In this work, Sulla coronaria inoculated with four Cd resistant bacteria (two Pseudomonas spp. and two Rhizobium sullae) were cultivated in hydroponic conditions treated by Cd; long time treatment 50µM CdCl2 for 30days and short time treatment; 100µM CdCl2 for 7days. Results showed that inoculation with Cd resistant PGPB enhanced plant biomass, thus shoot and root dry weights of control plants were enhanced by 148 and 35% respectively after 7days. Co-inoculation of plants treated with 50 and 100µM Cd increased plant biomasses as compared to Cd-treated and uninoculated plants. Cadmium treatment induced lipid peroxidation in plant tissues measured through MDA content in short 7days 100µM treatment. Antioxidant enzyme studies showed that inoculation of control plants enhanced APX, SOD and CAT activities after 30days in shoots and SOD, APX, SOD, GPOX in roots. Application of 50µM CdCl2 stimulated all enzymes in shoots and decreased SOD and CAT activities in roots. Moreover, 100µM of CdCl2 increased SOD, APX, CAT and GPOX activities in shoots and increased significantly CAT activity in roots. Metal accumulation depended on Cd concentration, plant organ and time of treatment. Furthermore, the inoculation enhanced Cd uptake in roots by 20% in all treatments. The cultivation of this symbiosis in Cd contaminated soil or in heavy metal hydroponically treated medium, showed that inoculation improved plant biomass and increased Cd uptake especially in roots. Therefore, the present study established that co-inoculation of S. coronaria by a specific consortium of heavy metal resistant PGPB formed a symbiotic system useful for soil phytostabilization.

The experiment was adopted to study the change of SOD, CAT and POD activity of Tie guanyin (new leaf and old leaf blade of different concentrations of aluminum stress; in this paper, 0 (CK), 40, 200, four gradients of 400mg/L concentration of Al3+ in acidic conditions, Tieguanyin tea leaf SOD, cat and POD activity changes. The results showed that high concentrations of aluminum stress on antioxidant enzyme system activity cannot continue to increase; at the same time showed that SOD is sensitive to aluminum toxicity concentration change, its sensitivity is higher than CAT and POD, SOD and CAT activity and the aging and decline of plant There was a positive correlation.

To examine the relation of leaf senescence and its reactive oxygen metabolites from different nodes of various adzuki bean cultivars, to explore the aging mechanisms of adzuki bean leaf, to find out the intrinsic yield-forming mechanisms and to pro-vide a theoretical basis for high-yield breeding and production of adzuki beans. We conducted a field experiment, two high-yielding cultivars, 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and two low-yielding cultivars, Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1, all adopted in the summer planting ecological region of China, were grown in 2008 and their leaf physiological indices, such as chlorophyll content, soluble-protein content, SOD, CAT and POD activities and MDA accumulations, were measured from flowering to ripening stages. The results showed that after flowering of the cultivars, their functional leaves aged gradually from bottom nodes to top nodes, and showed de-creased chlorophyll and soluble-protein contents, decreased SOD and CAT activities and increased POD activities and MDA accumulations in the proceed of senescence, for which there were significant differences among cultivars. Compared with the low-yielding varieties, the leaves of the high-yielding cultivars aged slower, showing relatively higher contents of chlorophyll and soluble-protein, higher activities of SOD and CAT at the late growth stage, and thus resulting significantly higher grain yields. The overall data indicated that yield is positively correlated with leaf chlorophyll and soluble-protein contents, as well as SOD and CAT activities and negatively associated with POD activities and MDA accumulations at the late growth stage. Therefore, effective inhibi-tion of leaf senescence or prolonging the functional period of leaves at the late growing stage plays an important role in raising yield.

In this work we investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA) in Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells isolated from 15-day-old Wistar rats were previously cultured for 48 h and then treated with RA for 24 h. RA at high doses (1-10 microM) increased TBARS levels and induced a decrease in cell viability. At low doses (0.1-100 nM) RA did not increase TBARS level. RA also did not increase cell death at these doses. In order to investigate changes in antioxidant defenses we measured the CAT, SOD and GPx activities in Sertoli cells treated with RA. Compared to control, RA increased around 200% SOD activity in all doses tested (0.1-100 nM); GPx activity was increased 407.49, 208.98 and 243.88% (0.1, 1 and 10 nM, respectively); CAT activity was increased 127% with RA 1 nM. To clarify if RA induces ROS production per se, we performed experiments in vitro using 2-deoxyribose as specific substrate of oxidative degradation by *OH radical as well as TRAP assay. RA at 10 microM increased 2-deoxyribose degradation, suggesting that some of the RA-induced effects are mediated via *OH formation. Furthermore, the total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) of the RA was determined. At low concentrations RA has induced no redox activity. Conversely, higher concentration of RA (1-10 microM) increased chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescence produced was directly proportional to radical generation. We provide, for the first time, evidence for a free radical generation by RA. Our results demonstrated that RA plays an important role in Sertoli cells and these effects appear to be mediated by ROS.

Objective(s):This study compared the effects of daidzein (DZD) and 17-β-estradiol (E2) on uterine histopathology, expression of endometrial cancer-related genes, and anti-oxidant status in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.Materials and Methods:Thirty rats were divided into five groups (n=6): Sham, OVX, OVX+E2 (10 μg/kg/day), OVX+DZD (20 mg/kg/day), and DZD-only. After 50 days of treatment, uterine tissues were analyzed for histopathological changes, mRNA expression of ERα, ERβ, PTEN, EZH2, and Ki67, and oxidative stress markers (TAC, SOD, CAT, and MDA).Results:Ovariectomy induced endometrial atrophy, significantly downregulated the expression of all target genes (ERα, ERβ, PTEN, EZH2, and Ki67), decreased SOD and CAT activity and TAC level, and increased MDA. E2 treatment reversed these changes but induced hyperplastic effects. DZD administration significantly increased CAT and SOD activity and elevated ERβ and Ki67 expression compared with the OVX group. Crucially, DZD prevented uterine atrophy without inducing hyperplasia.Conclusion:DZD demonstrated a potentially beneficial effect by improving uterine anti-oxidant capacity and preventing atrophy, but without the hyperplastic changes associated with estradiol. These findings suggest that DZD may be a safer alternative for managing hypoestrogenic conditions, warranting further investigation.