Abstract
The pupose of the study is to determine the effects of applying mental training techniques in alpine skiers aged 12 ± 6 and19± 2. It is to determine whether by applying mental training techniques certain psychological factors able to influence performance optimization in alpine skiing can be modified. The experimental series comprised 20 skiers, from the clubs CSS Gheorgheni (HR), CSS Baia – Sprie (MM), and FEFS students. The control series comprising 20 skiers, from the clubs CSM Gheorgheni (HR), CSS Sibiu (SB), CS Corona Brasov (BV), CSS Sinaia (PH), CSS Petroșani (HD), CSS Toplița (HR), CS MiercureaCiuc (CV), Crazy – Byke (SB). Psychological tests for attention (MA- focused, AP2 – perceptual attention, AD – distributed),EMAS S – state of anxiety, PDE – emotional distress were used as data collection tools and The Jacobson S., Bandler R.&Thomson G tests were used. We used SPSS for statistical analysis. Findings reveal that by using mental training techniques through imagery and NLP techniques, we managed to improve performance on the level of visual, auditory and kinaesthetic acuity, as well as the level of perceptual attention (AP2). Findings show that the application of mental training techniquesleads to lower anxiety issues (EMAS) and emotional distress (PDE) in skiers’ behaviour. Performance in alpine skiers can be improved by increasing perceptual attention, following the stimulation of visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic channel in alpine skiers.Keywords: Mental training, Alpine skiing, training, imagery, neuro-linguistic programming, sport performance.
Highlights
Referring to preschool education reform, we note that the overall objectives focus on socialization, on the acquisition of autonomy, on the harmonious physical and psychomotor development, on communication and reading/writing, on encouraging curiosity, on building the habits to gather information and to solve simple problems
Independent t test results showed that the preschoolers in the experimental group, the mean values were significantly higher than those of preschool children in the control group, for the following variables: vertical jump t tests show significant differences between experimental and control group stage interim study, t(134) = 2.668, (p=0.009)
Following the development and application of "intervention protocol" in order to increase the driving capabilities, the conclusions that can be drawn are as follows: By analyzing the first hypothesis, we believe that preschool educational activities, which include several sports game teaching situations provided by the "intervention protocol", raise the motor skills development level
Summary
Pedagogical reforms initiated in Romania after 1989 refer to transformations in the structure and functioning of the education system, both vertically and horizontally: vertically, by ensuring continuity between curricular cycles and preparing the transition between them with appropriate pedagogical methods and horizontally by design content into an intra-, inter- and transdisciplinary perspective, open to specific values of lifelong education. Education incorporates the idea that young ages is the basis of personality, and for the child 's educational success should be all agencies involved with child influences, from family to community educational institutions (Perron, Graham, Feldman, Moffett & Hall, 2011). During this period education is a holistic process that focuses both on the physical and on the cognitive, socio-emotional and consists of activities and experiences that influence the full development of the child (Grosu, 2008; Donnelly & Lambourne, 2011; Song, Peng & Lee, 2011)
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