Abstract
PbTiO3 single crystals containing Li2O or Na2O were grown by a flux method. Electrical measurements were carried out for as-grown crystals doped with 0.01wt% Li2O or 0.10wt% Na2O. (1) The addition of Li2O and Na2O increased the size of obtained crystals, and gave also the crystals with low defect concentration. (2) The grown PbTiO3 crystals by the addition of Li2O (0.7wt%) and Na2O (0.7wt%) were highly transparent red-brown and brown single crystals, respectively, and had average size of 3.0×2.8×1.1mm and 3.6×2.8×1.0mm. (3) The content of Li2O in all the Lidoped crystals was less than 0.01wt%, whereas the Na2O content was more than 0.07wt% and increased with increasing addition of Na2O. (4) Crystals doped with Li2O showed no variations in the lattice constant, but the lattice constant of c-axis and axial ratio of crystals doped with Na2O were smaller than those of undoped crystal. (5) Electrical properties of the crystals were affected by the addition of Li2O or Na2O. The electrical conductivity of crystals was very low (10-10S⋅cm-1) for Li2O addition but that of crystals for Na2O addition was high (10-8S⋅cm-1) at room temperature. At temperature above 300°C, the current-voltage characteristic curve of the crystal doped with Li2O was composed of two parts, ohmic and non-ohmic ones. EH decreased remarkably with increasing temperature.
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