Effects of ingesting a high-fat diet upon exercise-training cessation on fat accretion in the liver and adipose tissue of rats

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine if exercise trained rats might benefit from protection against fat accumulation in response to an obesity stimulus initiated upon training cessation. Two groups of female rats were either treadmill trained for 8 weeks (DTr) or remained sedentary (Sed). They were then submitted either to a high-fat diet (HF; 42 E%) or kept on a standard diet (SD; 12.5 E% lipids) for another 6 weeks while remaining sedentary. Fat accumulation in liver and adipocytes along with fat-cell diameter and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured 0, 2, and 6 weeks after training cessation. Immediately after the training period (t = 0), DTr rats exhibited similar body mass and higher dietary intake but smaller body fat content (4 fat pads) compared with Sed rats. DTr rats, under both diets, exhibited higher gains in body fat than Sed rats (DTr vs. Sed, 71% vs. 8% and 132% vs. 55% for SD and HF, respectively), such that fat mass in all 4 depots was similar to Sed rats 6 weeks after training cessation. Despite higher adipocyte fat accretion, liver lipid infiltration was not increased in DTr animals and plasma FFA levels were lower throughout the detraining period. In addition, plasma leptin levels remained lower in DTr animals throughout the detraining period under the HF diet condition. The present results indicate that previously exercise trained rats are not protected against adipocyte fat accumulation whether they ingest a standard or a high-fat diet.