Abstract
Cement-based materials are prone to cracks, especially in marine environments where aggressive ions accelerate structural damage through cracks. Thus, self-healing techniques are essential to increase the service life of concrete structures. In this study, three types of self-healing granules were designed and prepared, and their characteristics were analyzed. The self-healing efficiency under different conditions was evaluated, and the self-healing mechanism was elucidated. The results indicated that self-healing granules had acceptable waterproofness and were compatible with cement mortar. Additionally, self-healing granules ruptured through their cracks and showed acceptable dispersion. Repair products were produced at cracks after curing. The cracks below 300 μm were effectively sealed. The area repair rate reached a range of 70 %–90 %, and the relative permeability coefficient decreased to a range of 0.2–0.4 in the presence of self-healing granules. High carbonate source contents in the self-healing granules afforded better self-healing efficiencies. The self-healing efficiency was not significantly different for 7 and 56 d cracks, indicating long-term effectiveness. When cured in seawater, the self-healing rate and efficiency was improved, especially within 3 d. The repair products mainly consist of calcium carbonate and hydrated calcium silicate, as well as magnesium hydroxide in seawater.
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