Abstract
Although several studies have reported the effect of exercise therapy for adhesive capsulitis (AC), studies on the comparison of different exercise types on shoulder muscle strength and function in patients with AC are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different exercise types on shoulder muscle strength and function in patients with AC. Thirty female patients with AC were categorized into an eccentric contraction exercise group (ECG, n = 15; age, 51.53 ± 4.73 years) and a concentric contraction exercise group (CCG, n = 15; age, 52.40 ± 4.03 years). The participants in each group performed a different exercise program three times per week for 60 min per session for 12 weeks. The range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint, visual analog scale, shoulder muscle strength, and Constant–Murley score (CMS) were measured before the intervention and after 12 weeks of the exercise intervention. Shoulder ROM in flexion (increase of 31%) and external rotation (ER) (increase of 54%) showed a significant improvement in the ECG (p < 0.05). Muscle strength in ER was significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Pain severity showed improvement in the ECG (decrease of 61%) after the intervention (p < 0.01). The CMS in the ECG (increase of 48%) showed a greater improvement than that in the CCG after the intervention (p < 0.01). This study showed that eccentric contraction exercise had a more beneficial effect than concentric contraction exercise for improving shoulder muscle strength and function in females with AC.
Highlights
Adhesive capsulitis (AC), known as frozen shoulder, is characterized by shoulder pain, a decreased range of motion (ROM), and a decreased shoulder function [1]
The prevalence has been reported to range from 2% to 5% in the general population, and it is higher in women than in men [2,3]
Regarding the visual analog scale (VAS) for shoulder pain, a significant difference was found between the groups (p < 0.01, η2 = 0.301) and the interaction between the time points and the groups (p < 0.01, η2 = 0.274) as well as between the time points (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.964)
Summary
Adhesive capsulitis (AC), known as frozen shoulder, is characterized by shoulder pain, a decreased range of motion (ROM), and a decreased shoulder function [1]. The prevalence has been reported to range from 2% to 5% in the general population, and it is higher in women than in men [2,3]. Several factors including a decreased ROM, muscle weakness, and the thickening of the joint capsule and synovial membrane are used for AC diagnosis [6]. AC can be divided into three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing [7]. The freezing stage is characterized by an increase in pain at night and usually lasts for 2 to 9 months.
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