Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of milk tube guidance setting and teat cup type on the dynamics of teat-end vacuum and vacuum fluctuations in quarter individual milking systems. In order to meet this objective, a series of wet tests was conducted in the laboratory. Different teat cups; AMS, BIO and RVS along with the milk tube guidance settings namely; direct tube, half-half tube and Y-piece tube system with varying tube inside diameters were tested at different water flow rates. The data obtained from the wet-test measurements were used to calculate the teat-end vacuum and vacuum fluctuation at the teat-end in b and d- phase. From the study conducted, it was found that the teat-end vacuum in BIO is always between the range of 32 and 42 kPa as recommended by DIN ISO 5707 (2010a) at any flow rate for all three types of connections. The teat-end vacuum for RVS was between 32-42 kPa range if the flow rate varies between 4 and 6 L min-1 for both, the direct and the half-half connection. The Y-piece connection meets DIN ISO 5707 (2010a) requirements once the flow rate changes between 2 and 6 L min-1. The findings about milk tube inside diameter indicated that the use of 14 or 16 mm milk tube diameter for BIO will provide better teat-end vacuum if the recommended value of 10 mm is used. On the other hand, the use of 16 mm milk tube diameter was found to be appropriate for AMS as recommended by the manufacturer. For the RVS, the appropriate milk tube diameter should be 14 mm when statistical differences in b and d-phase are examined from the point of teat-end vacuum and vacuum fluctuations.
Highlights
From the study conducted, it was found that the teat-end vacuum in BIO is always between the range of 32 and 42 kPa as recommended by DIN ISO 5707 (2010a) at any flow rate for all three types of connections
The data obtained from the experiments were evaluated based on ISO recommendation and the results are depicted for a direct tube connection in Figure 3, a half-half connection in Figure 4, y-piece connection in Figure 5 for three different milk tube diameters along with three different teat cups at different flow rates in b-phase
For RVS teat cup, the teat-end vacuum is between 32-42 kPa range if the flow rate varies between 4 and 6 L min-1 for both direct and half-half connection while Y-piece connection meets ISO requirements if the flow rate between 2 and 6 L min-1
Summary
It was found that the teat-end vacuum in BIO is always between the range of 32 and 42 kPa as recommended by DIN ISO 5707 (2010a) at any flow rate for all three types of connections. Bobıć et al (2018) worked on two different teat cup liners (different head diameter, length, body shape) with or without air vent. They investigated their efffects on teat condition score, somatic cell count. The concept for the vacuum control system indicated that it is possible to reduce the mean teat-end milking vacuum in the suction phase to 20 kPa at a flow rate of 0.25 L min-1 per udder quarter. At higher flow rates of 1.5 L min-1 and more per udder quarter, the teat-end vacuum is
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