Abstract
BackgroundVitamin D has an established role in female reproduction. There is also evidence for an association between vitamin D levels and menstrual problems such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea. Curcumin, is a bioactive polyphenol constituent of turmeric, that can potentially interact with vitamin D receptors and its molecular targets. This study evaluated the effects of curcumin on vitamin D levels in young women with PMS and dysmenorrhea.MethodsIn this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, women with PMS and dysmenorrhea were divided randomly into experimental and control groups to receive one capsule (500 mg of curcuminoid+ 5 mg piperine, or placebo) daily, from approximately 7 days before until 3 days after menstruation for three consecutive menstrual cycles. Serum vitamin D levels, renal function, and liver enzymes were also measured before and after intervention.ResultsA total of 76 subjects (38 in each group) were recruited into the trial. Curcumin significantly increased the median (IQR) serum levels of vitamin D [from 12.8 ng/ml (7.0–24.6) to 16.2 ng/ml (6.4–28.8); P = 0.045], compared with placebo [from 18.6 ng/ml (2.2–26.8) to 21.3 ng/ml (5.2–27.1); P = 0.17]. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and direct bilirubin were reduced by the end of trial in the curcumin group (p < 0.05), but did not change significantly in the control group (p > 0.05). Finally, no significant differences in levels of fasting blood glucose were detected between curcumin and placebo groups.ConclusionCurcumin supplementation in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea led to a significant improvement of vitamin D, liver function enzyme test, but did not affect blood glucose.Trial registrationThe trial was registered on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registry (Trial ID: IRCT20191112045424N1 on 23 January 2020; available at https://www.irct.ir).
Highlights
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea are common cyclical and recurrent gynecologic complications of women in the reproductive age, and can adversely affect their wellbeing and quality of life
Sample size was calculated according to α = 0.05, β = 0.2 and 95% confidence interval using the following formula and it was estimated that at least 25 patients were needed for each arm, and the final sample size assuming 15% drop-out rate was set as 30 patients in each group
Serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), and direct bilirubin were reduced by the end of trial in the CUR group (P = 0.040 and P = 0.021, respectively), but did not change in the control group (p > 0.05; Table 3)
Summary
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea are common cyclical and recurrent gynecologic complications of women in the reproductive age, and can adversely affect their wellbeing and quality of life. Arabnezhad et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022) 22:19 is defined by a complex combination of somatic and psychological bothering symptoms that happens within the luteal phase which lasting from ovulation to the beginning of the menstrual hemorrhage [1]. No definitive treatment for PMS and dysmenorrhea has been established so far; therapies has been symptomatic, administrating such medications as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antidepressants, combined oral contraceptives, and herbal medicine [3,4,5]. Complementary and alternative medical therapies are sometimes preferred by women for alleviating of menstrual associated pains. There is evidence for an association between vitamin D levels and menstrual problems such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea. This study evaluated the effects of curcumin on vitamin D levels in young women with PMS and dysmenorrhea
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