Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Some Bacterial Formulations on Growing Medium and Plant Heavy Metal Content in Poinsettia Cultivation

Abstract

High amount of chemical fertilizers and various pesticides are used in the cultivation of poinsettia. This study was conducted to compare the amount of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd (mg kg-1) and B (mg kg-1) metalloid) accumulated by the use of different bacterial formulations and chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of poinsettia. The research was conducted in climate controlled research greenhouse conditions between July 2015 and July 2017. In the study, rooted cuttings of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex Klotzsch cv. Christmas Eve) were used as plant material. The applications were created as BI (Paenibacillus polymyxa TV-12E + Pseudomonas putida TV-42A + Pantoea agglomerans RK-79), BII (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 + Bacillus subtilis TV- 17C), BIII (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 + Kluyvera cryocrescens TV-113C), BIV (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-79 + Bacillus megaterium TV-6D), CF [the full amount of commonly used chemical fertilizer (150 g 100L-1)], BI+CF, BII+CF, BIII+CF, BIV+CF (by combining with 50% the reduced amount of chemical fertilizer by (75 g 100L-1)) and control (uninoculated). The highest Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd (mg kg-1) amounts were obtained from BIV application in growth medium. According to CF and control applications, BI+CF application was determined as reducing in the Zn amount of leaf samples of plants 14.47% and 15.70%, respectively. BI application was determined as reducing in the Cd amount of leaf samples of plants 26.58% and 54.69%, respectively when compared to CF and control applications. The highest amount of Pb was determined in plant root samples.